Abstract
Abstract. Leal JS, Pabiona MG, Cristobal JU, Melencion AB, Labajo JRN. 2025. Effects of iron supplementation rates and time of application on iron biofortification and macronutrient uptake in radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens. Asian J Agric 9: 94-102. This study investigates strategies to enhance iron biofortification in radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens through various iron supplementation rates and application timings. The primary objectives were to evaluate fresh weight at harvest and iron absorption efficiency under different treatment conditions. Results demonstrated significant variations in fresh weight, with microgreens treated with SNAP + 10 ppm iron chelate six days post-blackout (A1B3) yielding the highest fresh weight (149.38 g), while those treated four days post-blackout showed the lowest weight (113.54 g). In terms of iron content, treatment A2B1 exhibited the highest concentration (247.78 ppm), whereas A1B2 recorded the lowest (185.03 ppm). The study highlights the intricate relationship between iron supplementation levels (Factor A) and application timing (Factor B) concerning growth and nutrient uptake dynamics in radish microgreens. Overall fresh weight did not differ significantly across iron levels, based on iron concentration x application timing. Moderate iron concentrations initially supported fresh weight, but excess levels hindered growth, emphasizing the delicate balance required in iron supplementation strategies. Nitrogen uptake benefited from moderate iron levels and delayed application, while phosphorus and potassium assimilation were optimized with timely nutrient supply (p<0.05). Notably, total potassium content varied significantly (p<0.05), peaking at 20 ppm iron, suggesting iron's facilitative role in potassium uptake up to a threshold. Moreover, iron content in microgreens remained stable across tested concentrations but significantly increased with specific application timings, underscoring the importance of precise nutrient management for effective iron biofortification. These findings contribute to advancing tailored nutrient management practices to optimize growth, nutrient uptake dynamics, and iron biofortification in radish microgreens. Future research directions should explore underlying physiological mechanisms to refine strategies for sustainable crop production and enhance nutritional quality.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
SNAP plus 10 ppm iron chelate at six days post-blackout gave the highest fresh weight, 149.38 g.
- Taxon
- microgreense0
- Treatment
- SNAP + 10 ppm iron chelate six days post-blackoute0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 149.38 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“microgreens treated with SNAP + 10 ppm iron chelate six days post-blackout (A1B3) yielding the highest fresh weight (149.38 g)”
t0“radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-day post-blackout treatment gave the lowest weight, 113.54 g.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens
Raphanus sativust0 - Treatment
- treated four days post-blackoute0
- Outcome
- weighte0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 113.54 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those treated four days post-blackout showed the lowest weight (113.54 g)”
t0“radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
A2B1 produced the highest iron concentration, 247.78 ppm.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreensRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- A2B1e0
- Outcome
- concentratione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 247.78 ppme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment A2B1 exhibited the highest concentration (247.78 ppm)”
t0“radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
A1B2 produced the lowest iron concentration, 185.03 ppm.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreensRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- A1B2e0
- Outcome
- iron contente0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 185.03 ppme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of iron content, treatment A2B1 exhibited the highest concentration (247.78 ppm), whereas A1B2 recorded the lowest (185.03 ppm)”
t0“radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall fresh weight did not differ significantly across iron levels.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreensRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- iron levelse0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- did not differe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall fresh weight did not differ significantly across iron levels”
t0“radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate iron initially supported fresh weight.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreensRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- Moderate iron concentrationse0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- supportede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate iron concentrations initially supported fresh weight”
t0“radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess iron hindered growth.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreensRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- excess levelse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- hinderede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excess levels hindered growth”
t0“radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate iron levels and delayed application benefited nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreensRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- moderate iron levels and delayed applicatione0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- benefitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen uptake benefited from moderate iron levels and delayed application”
t0“radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Timely nutrient supply optimized phosphorus and potassium assimilation.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreensRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- timely nutrient supplye0
- Outcome
- phosphorus and potassium assimilatione0
- Direction
- optimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phosphorus and potassium assimilation were optimized with timely nutrient supply (p<0.05)”
t0“radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium content peaked at 20 ppm iron.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreensRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- 20 ppm irone0
- Outcome
- total potassium contente0
- Direction
- peakinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total potassium content varied significantly (p<0.05), peaking at 20 ppm iron”
t0“radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Microgreen iron content stayed stable across tested concentrations.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreensRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- tested concentrationse0
- Outcome
- iron contente0
- Direction
- remained stablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“iron content in microgreens remained stable across tested concentrations”
t0“radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific application timings significantly increased iron content.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreensRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- specific application timingse0
- Outcome
- iron contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“iron content in microgreens remained stable across tested concentrations but significantly increased with specific application timings”
t0“radish (Raphanus sativus) microgreens”
The same questions in other papers
iron atom · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
iron atom · nutrient: content · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.