Abstract
The agronomic, economic, and cultural significance of lentil positions it as a potentially valuable crop in Europe. Only a few studies have investigated lentil cultivation in the central and northern parts of Europe. This study assessed the phenological development, productivity, yield quality, and weed suppression of better adapted lentil varieties to cool, temperate climatic conditions at a latitude of 55 °N. The effects of three sowing times and three seed rates were investigated as important factors for lentil performance in organic farming systems. The length of the lentil vegetation period varied from 96 to 119 days at this latitude. The duration of the vegetative phase was shortened by 14–24% and the reproductive phase by 12–25% when sowing of lentil was delayed by 10 or 20 days. During the reproductive stage, delayed sowing times had a significant negative effect on pod and seed formation and grain yield. A delay of 20 days in sowing time produced 8.7% more non-productive branches, 37.5% more non-productive pods, and 9% lower 1000-seed weight. A delay in sowing time by 10 and 20 days decreased grain yield by 14% and 23%. However, sowing time had a significant effect on weed suppression. The number of annual weeds was significantly reduced by 31% when lentil was sown 10 days later and by 78% when it was sown 20 days later. Increasing the seed rate from 160 to 240 and later to 320 seeds m -2 provided up to 200 kg ha -1 yield supplement and reduced the biomass of annual weeds. This study showed that in organic farming systems, an average grain yield of 1578 kg ha -1 could be obtained at a latitude 55 °N, suggesting early sowing at the end of April or the beginning of May, with high seed rates.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying lentil sowing by 10 or 20 days shortened the vegetative phase by 14–24%.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarise0 - Organ / stage
- vegetative phasee0
- Treatment
- delayed by 10 or 20 dayse0
- Outcome
- duration of the vegetative phasee0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Value
- 14–24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the vegetative phase was shortened by 14–24% and the reproductive phase by 12–25% when sowing of lentil was delayed by 10 or 20 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying lentil sowing by 10 or 20 days shortened the reproductive phase by 12–25%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- delayed by 10 or 20 dayse0
- Outcome
- reproductive phasee0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Value
- 12–25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the vegetative phase was shortened by 14–24% and the reproductive phase by 12–25% when sowing of lentil was delayed by 10 or 20 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed lentil sowing had a significant negative effect on pod and seed formation and grain yield.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive stagee1
- Treatment
- delayed sowing timese1
- Outcome
- pod and seed formation and grain yielde1
- Direction
- negativee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the vegetative phase was shortened by 14–24% and the reproductive phase by 12–25% when sowing of lentil was delayed by 10 or 20 days”
e1“During the reproductive stage, delayed sowing times had a significant negative effect on pod and seed formation and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
A 20-day sowing delay produced 8.7% more non-productive branches in lentil.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- A delay of 20 days in sowing timee1
- Outcome
- non-productive branchese1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 8.7%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the vegetative phase was shortened by 14–24% and the reproductive phase by 12–25% when sowing of lentil was delayed by 10 or 20 days”
e1“A delay of 20 days in sowing time produced 8.7% more non-productive branches, 37.5% more non-productive pods, and 9% lower 1000-seed weight”
Claim · model-written summary
A 20-day sowing delay produced 37.5% more non-productive pods in lentil.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- A delay of 20 days in sowing timee1
- Outcome
- non-productive podse1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 37.5%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the vegetative phase was shortened by 14–24% and the reproductive phase by 12–25% when sowing of lentil was delayed by 10 or 20 days”
e1“A delay of 20 days in sowing time produced 8.7% more non-productive branches, 37.5% more non-productive pods, and 9% lower 1000-seed weight”
Claim · model-written summary
A 20-day sowing delay lowered lentil 1000-seed weight by 9%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- A delay of 20 days in sowing timee1
- Outcome
- 1000-seed weighte1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 9%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the vegetative phase was shortened by 14–24% and the reproductive phase by 12–25% when sowing of lentil was delayed by 10 or 20 days”
e1“A delay of 20 days in sowing time produced 8.7% more non-productive branches, 37.5% more non-productive pods, and 9% lower 1000-seed weight”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10-day sowing delay decreased lentil grain yield by 14%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- A delay in sowing time by 10e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 14%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the vegetative phase was shortened by 14–24% and the reproductive phase by 12–25% when sowing of lentil was delayed by 10 or 20 days”
e1“A delay in sowing time by 10 and 20 days decreased grain yield by 14% and 23%”
Claim · model-written summary
A 20-day sowing delay decreased lentil grain yield by 23%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the vegetative phase was shortened by 14–24% and the reproductive phase by 12–25% when sowing of lentil was delayed by 10 or 20 days”
e1“A delay in sowing time by 10 and 20 days decreased grain yield by 14% and 23%”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing lentil 10 days later significantly reduced the number of annual weeds by 31%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- lentil was sown 10 days latere1
- Interactor
- annual weedse1weed
- Outcome
- number of annual weedse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 31%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the vegetative phase was shortened by 14–24% and the reproductive phase by 12–25% when sowing of lentil was delayed by 10 or 20 days”
e1“The number of annual weeds was significantly reduced by 31% when lentil was sown 10 days later and by 78% when it was sown 20 days later”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing lentil 20 days later significantly reduced the number of annual weeds by 78%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- it was sown 20 days latere1
- Interactor
- annual weedse1weed
- Outcome
- number of annual weedse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 78%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the vegetative phase was shortened by 14–24% and the reproductive phase by 12–25% when sowing of lentil was delayed by 10 or 20 days”
e1“The number of annual weeds was significantly reduced by 31% when lentil was sown 10 days later and by 78% when it was sown 20 days later”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the seed rate to 320 seeds m -2 provided up to 200 kg ha -1 yield supplement in lentil.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Increasing the seed rate from 160 to 240 and later to 320 seeds m -2e1
- Outcome
- yield supplemente1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- up to 200 kg ha -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the vegetative phase was shortened by 14–24% and the reproductive phase by 12–25% when sowing of lentil was delayed by 10 or 20 days”
e1“Increasing the seed rate from 160 to 240 and later to 320 seeds m -2 provided up to 200 kg ha -1 yield supplement and reduced the biomass of annual weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the seed rate reduced the biomass of annual weeds in lentil.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Increasing the seed rate from 160 to 240 and later to 320 seeds m -2e1
- Interactor
- annual weedse1weed
- Outcome
- biomass of annual weedse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of the vegetative phase was shortened by 14–24% and the reproductive phase by 12–25% when sowing of lentil was delayed by 10 or 20 days”
e1“Increasing the seed rate from 160 to 240 and later to 320 seeds m -2 provided up to 200 kg ha -1 yield supplement and reduced the biomass of annual weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
An average lentil grain yield of 1578 kg ha -1 could be obtained in organic farming systems at 55 °N.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Outcome
- average grain yielde0
- Value
- 1578 kg ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- at a latitude 55 °Ne0
- Setting
- organic farming systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Adaptation of lentil to Northern European agro-climatic conditions”
e0“in organic farming systems, an average grain yield of 1578 kg ha -1 could be obtained at a latitude 55 °N”
Claim · model-written summary
The lentil vegetation period lasted 96 to 119 days at 55 °N.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Outcome
- length of the lentil vegetation periode0
- Value
- 96 to 119 dayse0
- Qualifier
- at this latitudee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The length of the lentil vegetation period varied from 96 to 119 days at this latitude”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest early sowing at the end of April or the beginning of May with high seed rates for lentil.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- high seed ratese0
- Outcome
- early sowing at the end of April or the beginning of Maye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Adaptation of lentil to Northern European agro-climatic conditions”
e0“suggesting early sowing at the end of April or the beginning of May, with high seed rates”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.