Abstract
The efficacy of neonicotinoid insecticides was evaluated for managing green apple aphid (GAA), Aphis pomi, in apple orchards, compared to traditional organophosphates. Organophosphates showed limited knockdown effects (51.51–68.12% reduction over control) and dropped below 50% efficacy by 7 and 14 days after treatment (DAT). In contrast, imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.04% reduced GAA populations by 87.30– 91.18% at 7 DAT and 73.59–74.76% at 14 DAT. Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.02% achieved 79.69–79.95% and 69.76–72.02% reductions at 7 and 14 DAT, respectively. Thiacloprid 240 SC @ 0.04% showed neither significant knockdown nor residual effect. Bifenthrin 8% SC @ 0.075% showed moderate efficacy against GAA, with better initial knockdown than sustained control. Neem oil 1500 ppm @ 0.25% gave good initial control but lacked persistence at 14 DAT (52.34–58.90%). Among combination products, thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (12.6% + 9.5% ZC @ 0.04%) and imidacloprid + lambda-cyhalothrin (6% + 4% @ 0.06%) maintained significant control up to 14 DAT. The results support replacing organophosphates with newer chemistries like neonicotinoids. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of organophosphate insecticides should be discontinued and switch over to insecticides like neonicotinoids etc. is recommended.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Organophosphates gave 51.51–68.12% initial aphid reduction and fell below 50% efficacy by 7 and 14 days.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- Organophosphatese0
- Interactor
- Aphis pomi
.jpg?width=60)
Aphis pomie1pest - Outcome
- green apple aphide1
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 51.51–68.12%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Organophosphates showed limited knockdown effects (51.51–68.12% reduction over control) and dropped below 50% efficacy by 7 and 14 days after treatment (DAT).”
e1“green apple aphid (GAA), Aphis pomi, in apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid reduced aphid populations by 87.30– 91.18% at 7 DAT.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.04%e0
- Interactor
- Aphis pomiAphis pomie1pest
- Outcome
- GAA populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 87.30– 91.18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.04% reduced GAA populations by 87.30– 91.18% at 7 DAT”
e1“green apple aphid (GAA), Aphis pomi, in apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid reduced aphid populations by 73.59–74.76% at 14 DAT.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.04%e0
- Interactor
- Aphis pomiAphis pomie1pest
- Outcome
- GAA populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 73.59–74.76%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.04% reduced GAA populations by 87.30– 91.18% at 7 DAT and 73.59–74.76% at 14 DAT”
e1“green apple aphid (GAA), Aphis pomi, in apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam reduced aphids by 79.69–79.95% at 7 DAT.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.02%e0
- Interactor
- Aphis pomiAphis pomie1pest
- Outcome
- green apple aphide1
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 79.69–79.95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.02% achieved 79.69–79.95% and 69.76–72.02% reductions at 7 and 14 DAT, respectively.”
e1“green apple aphid (GAA), Aphis pomi, in apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam reduced aphids by 69.76–72.02% at 14 DAT.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.02%e0
- Interactor
- Aphis pomiAphis pomie1pest
- Outcome
- green apple aphide1
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 69.76–72.02%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.02% achieved 79.69–79.95% and 69.76–72.02% reductions at 7 and 14 DAT, respectively.”
e1“green apple aphid (GAA), Aphis pomi, in apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiacloprid had neither significant knockdown nor residual effect.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Thiacloprid 240 SC @ 0.04%e0
- Interactor
- Aphis pomiAphis pomie1pest
- Outcome
- knockdown nor residual effecte0
- Direction
- neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thiacloprid 240 SC @ 0.04% showed neither significant knockdown nor residual effect.”
e1“green apple aphid (GAA), Aphis pomi, in apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Bifenthrin gave moderate aphid control with stronger initial than sustained knockdown.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Bifenthrin 8% SC @ 0.075%e0
- Interactor
- Aphis pomiAphis pomie1pest
- Outcome
- efficacy against GAAe0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- sustained controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bifenthrin 8% SC @ 0.075% showed moderate efficacy against GAA, with better initial knockdown than sustained control.”
e1“green apple aphid (GAA), Aphis pomi, in apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil gave initial control but weak persistence at 14 DAT, with 52.34–58.90% efficacy.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Neem oil 1500 ppm @ 0.25%e0
- Interactor
- Aphis pomiAphis pomie1pest
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- lacked persistencee0
- Value
- 52.34–58.90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem oil 1500 ppm @ 0.25% gave good initial control but lacked persistence at 14 DAT (52.34–58.90%).”
e1“green apple aphid (GAA), Aphis pomi, in apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam plus lambda-cyhalothrin maintained significant aphid control to 14 DAT.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (12.6% + 9.5% ZC @ 0.04%)e0
- Interactor
- Aphis pomiAphis pomie1pest
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (12.6% + 9.5% ZC @ 0.04%) and imidacloprid + lambda-cyhalothrin (6% + 4% @ 0.06%) maintained significant control up to 14 DAT.”
e1“green apple aphid (GAA), Aphis pomi, in apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid plus lambda-cyhalothrin maintained significant aphid control to 14 DAT.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- imidacloprid + lambda-cyhalothrin (6% + 4% @ 0.06%)e0
- Interactor
- Aphis pomiAphis pomie1pest
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (12.6% + 9.5% ZC @ 0.04%) and imidacloprid + lambda-cyhalothrin (6% + 4% @ 0.06%) maintained significant control up to 14 DAT.”
e1“green apple aphid (GAA), Aphis pomi, in apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend discontinuing organophosphates and switching to neonicotinoids.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- the use of organophosphate insecticides should be discontinued and switch over to insecticides like neonicotinoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of organophosphate insecticides should be discontinued and switch over to insecticides like neonicotinoids etc. is recommended.”
e1“green apple aphid (GAA), Aphis pomi, in apple orchards”
The same questions in other papers
imidacloprid · Aphis pomi · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.