Abstract
This study investigated the effects of seed biopriming with two Trichoderma harzianum isolates, wild type (TW) and gamma-ray mutant (TM), on drought tolerance in the two barley cultivars, Goharan and Nosrat. Barley seeds primed with Trichoderma and subsequently exposed to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) at concentrations of 0%, 5% and 10%. Drought stress significantly reduced growth (20–45% decrease in fresh and dry weight), with Nosrat showing a greater reduction than Goharan. Biopriming with TW and TM significantly improved plant growth (fresh and dry biomass by 4–56%), particularly with TM, and alleviated drought-induced oxidative stress (reduced H 2 O 2 and MDA levels) by enhancing antioxidant defense systems (increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activity) and non-enzymatic antioxidant content (total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins). TW and TM priming also improved osmotic regulation (increased protein and soluble sugars) and increased IAA content and the activity of key respiratory enzymes (aconitase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and fumarase). These findings highlight the multifaceted role of biopriming with T. harzianum isolates in enhancing adaptive responses of barley to drought stress. Seed biopriming with TW and TM significantly improved barley cultivar resilience under drought conditions, suggesting their potential as effective drought tolerance strategies for crops.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced fresh and dry weight by 20–45%, more in Nosrat.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Material
- Nosrate0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 20–45%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress significantly reduced growth (20–45% decrease in fresh and dry weight), with Nosrat showing a greater reduction than Goharan”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
TW biopriming improved barley fresh and dry biomass.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Biopriming with TWe0
- Interactor
- TWe0symbiont
- Outcome
- fresh and dry biomasse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 4–56%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biopriming with TW and TM significantly improved plant growth (fresh and dry biomass by 4–56%), particularly with TM”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
TM biopriming improved barley fresh and dry biomass.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- TMe0
- Interactor
- TMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- fresh and dry biomasse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 4–56%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biopriming with TW and TM significantly improved plant growth (fresh and dry biomass by 4–56%), particularly with TM”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Biopriming reduced H 2 O 2 and MDA levels.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Biopriminge1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae2symbiont - Outcome
- H 2 O 2 and MDA levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alleviated drought-induced oxidative stress (reduced H 2 O 2 and MDA levels)”
t0“barley”
e1“Biopriming with TW and TM”
e2“seed biopriming with two Trichoderma harzianum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Biopriming increased antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Biopriminge1
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activity”
t0“barley”
e1“Biopriming with TW and TM”
Claim · model-written summary
Biopriming increased total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Biopriminge1
- Outcome
- total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“non-enzymatic antioxidant content (total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins)”
t0“barley”
e1“Biopriming with TW and TM”
e2“increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
TW and TM priming increased protein and soluble sugars.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- TW and TM priminge0
- Outcome
- protein and soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TW and TM priming also improved osmotic regulation (increased protein and soluble sugars)”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
TW and TM priming increased IAA content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- TW and TM priminge1
- Outcome
- IAA contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased IAA content and the activity of key respiratory enzymes”
t0“barley”
e1“TW and TM priming also improved osmotic regulation”
Claim · model-written summary
TW and TM priming increased respiratory enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- TW and TM priminge1
- Gene
- aconitase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and fumarasee0
- Outcome
- activity of key respiratory enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased IAA content and the activity of key respiratory enzymes (aconitase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and fumarase)”
t0“barley”
e1“TW and TM priming also improved osmotic regulation”
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