Abstract
Producing robust seedlings in the nursery and transplanting them at the optimal age significantly enhances transplanted rice yield and profitability. Seed priming with appropriate bio-control agents followed by sowing at optimum density in the nursery produces healthy and vigorous seedlings. A field experiment was conducted for two years 2020 and 2021 to evaluate the bio-control agents, seeding density and optimum age of seedlings to achieve the potential yield of transplanted rice under shallow low land. The study employs split-split plot design with three factors: Main plots (seed treatments; S1, pseudomonas @ 10 g/kg of seed; S2, trichoderma @ 10 g/kg of seed and S3, no seed treatment), subplots (seeding density; D1, 40 g/m2, D2, 50 g/m2 and D3, 60 g/m2) and sub-sub plots (age of seedlings at transplanting; A1, 42 days and A2, 21 days). Seed treatment with Trichoderma (NRRI formulation) resulted in the production of seedlings having higher length: biomass ratio (55.0) and an increase in the grain, straw yield and gross return by 14.0, 12.3 and 14.1%, respectively, over the control. Transplanting of young seedlings (21 days) resulted in significantly higher average gross return of `123.7 × 103/ha, B: C ratio (2.09) and economic water productivity (`15.09/m3). The use of 21-day-old seedlings reduced the cost of production of transplanted rice by 10.5% as compared to 42-day-old seedlings. Hence, it is recommended to treat rice seeds with Trichoderma @ 10 g/kg of seed, maintain a low seeding density (40–50 g/m2) at the nursery and transplant 21 old days seedlings for realising yield potential of transplanted rice under shallow lowland.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with Trichoderma (NRRI formulation) raised the seedling length:biomass ratio to 55.0.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Seed treatment with Trichoderma (NRRI formulation)e1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- length: biomass ratioe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 55.0e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transplanted rice”
e1“Seed treatment with Trichoderma (NRRI formulation) resulted in the production of seedlings having higher length: biomass ratio (55.0)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with Trichoderma (NRRI formulation) increased grain yield by 14.0% over the control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Seed treatment with Trichoderma (NRRI formulation)e1
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- graine2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 14.0e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transplanted rice”
e1“Seed treatment with Trichoderma (NRRI formulation) resulted in the production of seedlings having higher length: biomass ratio (55.0)”
e2“an increase in the grain, straw yield and gross return by 14.0, 12.3 and 14.1%, respectively, over the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with Trichoderma (NRRI formulation) increased straw yield by 12.3% over the control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Seed treatment with Trichoderma (NRRI formulation)e1
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- straw yielde2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 12.3e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transplanted rice”
e1“Seed treatment with Trichoderma (NRRI formulation) resulted in the production of seedlings having higher length: biomass ratio (55.0)”
e2“an increase in the grain, straw yield and gross return by 14.0, 12.3 and 14.1%, respectively, over the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with Trichoderma (NRRI formulation) increased gross return by 14.1% over the control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Seed treatment with Trichoderma (NRRI formulation)e1
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- gross returne2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 14.1e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transplanted rice”
e1“Seed treatment with Trichoderma (NRRI formulation) resulted in the production of seedlings having higher length: biomass ratio (55.0)”
e2“an increase in the grain, straw yield and gross return by 14.0, 12.3 and 14.1%, respectively, over the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting young (21-day) seedlings gave a significantly higher average gross return of 123.7 × 103/ha than 42-day-old seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Transplanting of young seedlings (21 days)e3
- Outcome
- average gross returne3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 123.7 × 103/hae3
- Comparator
- 42-day-old seedlingse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transplanted rice”
e3“Transplanting of young seedlings (21 days) resulted in significantly higher average gross return of `123.7 × 103/ha, B: C ratio (2.09) and economic water productivity (`15.09/m3)”
e4“The use of 21-day-old seedlings reduced the cost of production of transplanted rice by 10.5% as compared to 42-day-old seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting young (21-day) seedlings gave a higher B:C ratio of 2.09 than 42-day-old seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Transplanting of young seedlings (21 days)e3
- Outcome
- B: C ratioe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 2.09e3
- Comparator
- 42-day-old seedlingse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transplanted rice”
e3“Transplanting of young seedlings (21 days) resulted in significantly higher average gross return of `123.7 × 103/ha, B: C ratio (2.09) and economic water productivity (`15.09/m3)”
e4“The use of 21-day-old seedlings reduced the cost of production of transplanted rice by 10.5% as compared to 42-day-old seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting young (21-day) seedlings gave a higher economic water productivity of 15.09/m3 than 42-day-old seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Transplanting of young seedlings (21 days)e3
- Outcome
- economic water productivitye3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 15.09/m3e3
- Comparator
- 42-day-old seedlingse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transplanted rice”
e3“Transplanting of young seedlings (21 days) resulted in significantly higher average gross return of `123.7 × 103/ha, B: C ratio (2.09) and economic water productivity (`15.09/m3)”
e4“The use of 21-day-old seedlings reduced the cost of production of transplanted rice by 10.5% as compared to 42-day-old seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Using 21-day-old seedlings reduced the cost of production of transplanted rice by 10.5% compared with 42-day-old seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 21-day-old seedlingse4
- Outcome
- cost of productione4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 10.5%e4
- Comparator
- 42-day-old seedlingse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transplanted rice”
e4“The use of 21-day-old seedlings reduced the cost of production of transplanted rice by 10.5% as compared to 42-day-old seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice seeds should be treated with Trichoderma at 10 g/kg of seed.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma @ 10 g/kg of seede5
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- treat rice seeds with Trichoderma @ 10 g/kg of seede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transplanted rice”
e5“it is recommended to treat rice seeds with Trichoderma @ 10 g/kg of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
A low seeding density of 40–50 g/m2 should be maintained at the nursery.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- low seeding densitye6
- Value
- 40–50 g/m2e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transplanted rice”
e6“maintain a low seeding density (40–50 g/m2) at the nursery”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice seedlings should be transplanted at 21 days old to realise the yield potential under shallow lowland.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- transplant 21 old days seedlingse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“transplanted rice”
e7“transplant 21 old days seedlings for realising yield potential of transplanted rice under shallow lowland”
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