Abstract
Reasonable biomass accumulation and partitioning is beneficial for coordinating the contradictions between reproductive growth and vegetative growth, as well as between individuals and groups, and serves as a guarantee for high-yield cotton prodution. In order to clarify the photosynthesis and photoassimilate partitioning, and their relationship with cotton yield under high plant density for cotton direct seeding after wheat harvest cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin, the CCRI 425 was used as the experimental material, and five high density treatments (7.5, 9.75, 12, 14.25, 16.5 plants m −2 ) were imposed in field study in 2020 and 2021. The results showed that boll number per plant and individual boll weight both reduced with increasing plant density, but the higher plant density compensated for reduced individual boll weight by supporting a greater boll number in the population, leading to highest yield under 12 plants m −2 . The elevated yield was primarily driven by optimized biomass accumulation and partitioning, with accelerated biomass accumulation rate and greater distribution to reproductive organs. Our results suggested that sink/source ratio can be adjusted by plant density, with the highest biomass partitioning in reproductive organs, the square per leaf area, boll load per leaf area, and 13 C proportion of reproductive organ all observed under 12 plants m −2 . In peak boll setting and boll opening stage, higher LAI was observed under high plant density, LAI was correlated with seed cotton yield, exhibiting significant parabolic relationship with downward pointing. The photosynthesis ability of the fourth leave and chlorophyll content both decreased with increasing plant density, but no significant decrease was observed under 12 plants m −2 compared to 7.5 plants m −2 . The canopy apparent photosynthesis rate (CAP) reached the maximum value under 12 plants m −2 , the high population photosynthetic capacity in population was probably the result of high plant density, comparatively high net photosynthesis ability and chlorophyll content, and optimum LAI (4.47–4.8) observed under 12 plants m −2 . The canopy photosynthetic capacity influenced sink/source ratio, and the LAI and SPAD were negatively related to sink/source ratio, whereas CAP was positively related to sink/source ratio, according to the path analysis. Thus, high-yield populations displayed a superior photosynthetic capacity, which optimized photosynthates allocation to reproductive organs, and thus coodinated the relationship between sink and source, individual and population, thereby laid the foundation for growth and development for the high-yield formation.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Boll number per plant and individual boll weight both decreased with increasing plant density in cotton.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- increasing plant densitye1
- Outcome
- boll number per plant and individual boll weighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results showed that boll number per plant and individual boll weight both reduced with increasing plant density”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton yield was highest under 12 plants m −2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 12 plants m −2e1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- 12 plants m −2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“leading to highest yield under 12 plants m −2”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was driven by optimized biomass accumulation and partitioning in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Qualifier
- optimized biomass accumulation and partitioninge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The elevated yield was primarily driven by optimized biomass accumulation and partitioning, with accelerated biomass accumulation rate and greater distribution to reproductive organs”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Sink/source ratio of cotton can be adjusted by plant density.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- sink/source ratioe3
- Qualifier
- adjusted by plant densitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Our results suggested that sink/source ratio can be adjusted by plant density”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass partitioning in reproductive organs was highest under 12 plants m −2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- biomass partitioning in reproductive organse4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Qualifier
- 12 plants m −2e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“with the highest biomass partitioning in reproductive organs, the square per leaf area, boll load per leaf area, and 13 C proportion of reproductive organ all observed under 12 plants m −2”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Square per leaf area, boll load per leaf area and 13 C proportion of reproductive organ were observed under 12 plants m −2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- square per leaf area, boll load per leaf area, and 13 C proportion of reproductive organe4
- Qualifier
- 12 plants m −2e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“with the highest biomass partitioning in reproductive organs, the square per leaf area, boll load per leaf area, and 13 C proportion of reproductive organ all observed under 12 plants m −2”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher LAI was observed under high plant density at peak boll setting and boll opening in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- peak boll setting and boll opening stagee5
- Treatment
- high plant densitye5
- Outcome
- LAIe5
- Direction
- highere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In peak boll setting and boll opening stage, higher LAI was observed under high plant density”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
LAI was correlated with seed cotton yield with a significant parabolic relationship.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde6
- Direction
- correlatede6
- Qualifier
- parabolic relationship with downward pointinge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“LAI was correlated with seed cotton yield, exhibiting significant parabolic relationship with downward pointing”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis ability of the fourth leaf and chlorophyll content decreased with increasing plant density in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- fourth leavee7
- Treatment
- increasing plant densitye7
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ability of the fourth leave and chlorophyll contente7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The photosynthesis ability of the fourth leave and chlorophyll content both decreased with increasing plant density”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant decrease in photosynthesis ability of the fourth leaf or chlorophyll content was seen under 12 plants m −2 compared with 7.5 plants m −2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- fourth leavee0
- Treatment
- 12 plants m −2e1
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ability of the fourth leave and chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- no significant decreasee1
- Comparator
- 7.5 plants m −2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthesis ability of the fourth leave and chlorophyll content both decreased with increasing plant density”
e1“but no significant decrease was observed under 12 plants m −2 compared to 7.5 plants m −2”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Canopy apparent photosynthesis rate was maximal under 12 plants m −2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 12 plants m −2e0
- Outcome
- canopy apparent photosynthesis rate (CAP)e0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The canopy apparent photosynthesis rate (CAP) reached the maximum value under 12 plants m −2”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
High population photosynthetic capacity in cotton was probably the result of high plant density, net photosynthesis ability and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- high population photosynthetic capacitye0
- Qualifier
- high plant densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the high population photosynthetic capacity in population was probably the result of high plant density, comparatively high net photosynthesis ability and chlorophyll content, and optimum LAI (4.47–4.8) observed under 12 plants m −2”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimum LAI of 4.47–4.8 was observed under 12 plants m −2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- optimum LAIe0
- Value
- 4.47–4.8e0
- Qualifier
- 12 plants m −2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the high population photosynthetic capacity in population was probably the result of high plant density, comparatively high net photosynthesis ability and chlorophyll content, and optimum LAI (4.47–4.8) observed under 12 plants m −2”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
LAI and SPAD were negatively related to the sink/source ratio of cotton, according to path analysis.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- sink/source ratioe0
- Direction
- negatively relatede0
- Qualifier
- LAI and SPADe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The canopy photosynthetic capacity influenced sink/source ratio, and the LAI and SPAD were negatively related to sink/source ratio, whereas CAP was positively related to sink/source ratio, according to the path analysis”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
CAP was positively related to the sink/source ratio of cotton, according to path analysis.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- sink/source ratioe0
- Direction
- positively relatede0
- Qualifier
- CAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The canopy photosynthetic capacity influenced sink/source ratio, and the LAI and SPAD were negatively related to sink/source ratio, whereas CAP was positively related to sink/source ratio, according to the path analysis”
t0“high density cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
High-yield cotton populations displayed a superior photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- superiore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, high-yield populations displayed a superior photosynthetic capacity, which optimized photosynthates allocation to reproductive organs”
t0“high density cotton”
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