Abstract
Pulses and oilseed legumes like soybean are vital for global food and nutritional security due to their rich protein content, nitrogen-fixing ability, and adaptability. However, increasing temperature extremes associated with climate change significantly impact their productivity and seed quality, especially during reproductive stages. This study was conducted to standardize heat stress mitigation strategies to improve seed yield and quality in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), which plays a dual role as a food and industrial crop due to its high protein and oil content. A field experiment was carried out during January and February 2024 at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science (Regional Station), GKVK, Bengaluru, using a strip plot design with two sowing dates, nine treatments (including salicylic acid, gibberellic acid, and growth regulators), and four spray stages. The results revealed that both treatment type and stage of application significantly influenced growth and yield attributes. Salicylic acid (T₃ @ 50 ppm) emerged as the most effective treatment, recording the highest plant height (56.04 cm), seed yield (23.85 g/plant), and seedling length (30.01 cm), along with the lowest seed moisture content, indicating accelerated maturity under stress. The vegetative and flowering stage spray (S₄) led to superior performance in terms of plant height, pod number, and seed yield, demonstrating the critical role of timing in stress mitigation. February sowing showed slightly higher seed moisture due to reduced seed-filling duration under high temperatures. Overall, the study highlighted that exogenous application of salicylic acid and timely intervention at specific growth stages significantly enhance heat stress tolerance in soybean. These findings contribute to the development of climate-resilient production strategies, ensuring stable yield and quality in heat-prone environments.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment type and application stage significantly influenced growth and yield attributes.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- treatment type and stage of applicatione0
- Outcome
- growth and yield attributese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both treatment type and stage of application significantly influenced growth and yield attributes”
e1“soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid at 50 ppm produced the highest plant height of 56.04 cm.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Salicylic acid (T₃ @ 50 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 56.04 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salicylic acid (T₃ @ 50 ppm) emerged as the most effective treatment, recording the highest plant height (56.04 cm)”
e1“soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid at 50 ppm produced the highest seed yield of 23.85 g/plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Salicylic acid (T₃ @ 50 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 23.85 g/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salicylic acid (T₃ @ 50 ppm) emerged as the most effective treatment, recording the highest plant height (56.04 cm), seed yield (23.85 g/plant)”
e1“soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid at 50 ppm produced the highest seedling length of 30.01 cm.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Salicylic acid (T₃ @ 50 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 30.01 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salicylic acid (T₃ @ 50 ppm) emerged as the most effective treatment, recording the highest plant height (56.04 cm), seed yield (23.85 g/plant), and seedling length (30.01 cm)”
e1“soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid at 50 ppm produced the lowest seed moisture content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Salicylic acid (T₃ @ 50 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- seed moisture contente0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salicylic acid (T₃ @ 50 ppm) emerged as the most effective treatment, recording the highest plant height (56.04 cm), seed yield (23.85 g/plant), and seedling length (30.01 cm), along with the lowest seed moisture content”
e1“soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative and flowering stage sprays gave superior plant height, pod number and seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- vegetative and flowering stage spray (S₄)e0
- Outcome
- plant height, pod number, and seed yielde0
- Direction
- superiore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vegetative and flowering stage spray (S₄) led to superior performance in terms of plant height, pod number, and seed yield”
e1“soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
February sowing had slightly higher seed moisture.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- February sowinge0
- Outcome
- seed moisturee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- reduced seed-filling duration under high temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“February sowing showed slightly higher seed moisture due to reduced seed-filling duration under high temperatures”
e1“soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
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See all 404 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.