Abstract
ABSTRACT Cowpea is a valuable legume known for its high‐quality protein and multiple uses, but it often suffers from sub‐optimal moisture during different growth stages. While the effects of drought at certain stages are studied, comprehensive studies across all growth stages are limited. This study evaluated drought tolerance of two cowpea genotypes by examining morphophysiological, pigments, biomass, yield and quality traits under contrasting soil moisture conditions: control and drought during critical vegetative (V2 and V4) and reproductive (R1 and R4) stages. Gas exchange traits were more affected by drought during the vegetative stages than the reproductive stage, with photosynthesis declining by 86% at the vegetative stage, compared to a 68% reduction at the reproductive stage. The chlorophyll index declined by 54% in the R4 stage, while the V2 stage showed no significant changes under drought. Drought at the R1 stage led to a substantial decrease in seed yield by 46%, followed by 35% in R4, 33% in V2 and 27% in V4. The yield reduction at R1 correlated with an 82%, 68% and 44% drop in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll index, respectively, followed by a 3.4°C increase in leaf temperature. Drought stress during reproductive stages led to an increase in hundred‐seed weight and seed protein, while starch content decreased, indicating a shift in resource allocation under stress conditions. Based on seed number and weight, the order of cowpea growth stage resilience to drought stress followed the order of R1 < R4 < V2 < V4. These findings suggest that breeding for a multi‐stage drought‐resilient genotype is needed to sustain yield under rainfed conditions.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Drought affected gas exchange more at vegetative than reproductive stages.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- Gas exchange traitse0
- Direction
- more affectede0
- Comparator
- reproductive stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gas exchange traits were more affected by drought during the vegetative stages than the reproductive stage”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis fell 86% under drought at the vegetative stage.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative stagee0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- declininge0
- Value
- 86%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthesis declining by 86% at the vegetative stage”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis fell 68% under drought at the reproductive stage.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive stagee0
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 68%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 68% reduction at the reproductive stage”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll index declined 54% at R4.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- R4 stagee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll indexe0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 54%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chlorophyll index declined by 54% in the R4 stage”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll index showed no significant change under drought at V2.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- V2 stagee0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- changese0
- Direction
- no significant changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the V2 stage showed no significant changes under drought”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought at R1 reduced seed yield 46%.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- R1 stagee0
- Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 46%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought at the R1 stage led to a substantial decrease in seed yield by 46%”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced seed yield 35% at R4.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- R4e0
- Value
- 35%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by 35% in R4”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced seed yield 33% at V2.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- V2e0
- Value
- 33%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“33% in V2”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced seed yield 27% at V4.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- V4e0
- Value
- 27%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“27% in V4”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
At R1, yield reduction correlated with an 82% drop in stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- R1e0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- drope0
- Value
- 82%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield reduction at R1 correlated with an 82%, 68% and 44% drop in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll index, respectively”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
At R1, yield reduction correlated with a 68% drop in photosynthesis rate.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- R1e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- drope0
- Value
- 68%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield reduction at R1 correlated with an 82%, 68% and 44% drop in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll index, respectively”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
At R1, yield reduction correlated with a 44% drop in chlorophyll index.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield reduction at R1 correlated with an 82%, 68% and 44% drop in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll index, respectively”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
At R1, yield reduction was followed by a 3.4°C increase in leaf temperature.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- leaf temperaturee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 3.4°Ce0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by a 3.4°C increase in leaf temperature”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Reproductive stage drought increased hundred seed weight and seed protein.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- hundred‐seed weight and seed proteine0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress during reproductive stages led to an increase in hundred‐seed weight and seed protein”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Reproductive stage drought decreased starch content.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- starch contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while starch content decreased”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea resilience ranked R1 below R4 below V2 below V4.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- R1 < R4 < V2 < V4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the order of cowpea growth stage resilience to drought stress followed the order of R1 < R4 < V2 < V4”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend breeding for multi stage drought resilience to sustain rainfed yield.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- breeding for a multi‐stage drought‐resilient genotypee0
- Qualifier
- under rainfed conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“breeding for a multi‐stage drought‐resilient genotype is needed to sustain yield under rainfed conditions”
t0“Cowpea”
The same questions in other papers
drought · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
42 papers more in this group
See all 46 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.