Abstract
The efficiency of water use in irrigated agriculture is a global priority to address water scarcity. A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation practices on potato yield, crop evapotranspiration (ETc), water productivity (WP), and irrigation water productivity (IWP) across diverse growing conditions, including soil texture, fertilizer application rates, annual precipitation, and soil organic carbon (SOC). The results revealed that supplementary irrigation increased potato yield by 55% and ETc by 39% while maintaining WP comparable to non-irrigated conditions. The greatest yield and WP improvements from supplementary irrigation occurred under drip irrigation with moderate N, P, and K application rates (150–250 kg ha−1) and irrigation amounts below 150 mm. This practice was particularly effective in sandy soils with 1.5–2.0% SOC and annual rainfall of 200–400 mm. Conversely, deficit irrigation reduced potato yield and ETc by 25% and 24%, respectively, but significantly enhanced WP and IWP by 9% and 28% compared to full irrigation. When a water-saving ratio of 10–20% was implemented under drip irrigation with optimal fertilizer rates (240–360 kg N ha−1, >104 kg P2O5 ha−1, 150–200 kg K2O ha−1), deficit irrigation improved WP without yield loss in sandy soils with annual rainfall of 600–800 mm when compared to full irrigation. The IWP increased with rising SOC levels, indicating that SOC improvement in low-carbon soils enhances water productivity in irrigated potato systems. These findings demonstrate that tailored irrigation strategies can simultaneously reduce water inputs and achieve higher yield and WP in potato production systems.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary irrigation increased yield by 55%.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- supplementary irrigatione0
- Outcome
- potato yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 55%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supplementary irrigation increased potato yield by 55%”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary irrigation increased crop evapotranspiration by 39%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- supplementary irrigatione0
- Outcome
- ETce0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supplementary irrigation increased potato yield by 55% and ETc by 39%”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary irrigation maintained water productivity comparable to non-irrigated conditions.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- WPe0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- non-irrigated conditionse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while maintaining WP comparable to non-irrigated conditions”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Greatest supplementary irrigation yield and water-productivity improvements occurred with drip irrigation, moderate fertilizer rates and less than 150 mm irrigation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- supplementary irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yield and WP improvementse0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Qualifier
- drip irrigation with moderate N, P, and K application rates (150–250 kg ha−1) and irrigation amounts below 150 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest yield and WP improvements from supplementary irrigation occurred under drip irrigation with moderate N, P, and K application rates (150–250 kg ha−1) and irrigation amounts below 150 mm”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
This practice was especially effective in sandy soils with 1.5–2.0% SOC and 200–400 mm annual rainfall.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- particularly effectivee0
- Qualifier
- 1.5–2.0% SOC and annual rainfall of 200–400 mme0
- Setting
- sandy soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This practice was particularly effective in sandy soils with 1.5–2.0% SOC and annual rainfall of 200–400 mm”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation reduced yield by 25% versus full irrigation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- potato yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deficit irrigation reduced potato yield and ETc by 25% and 24%, respectively, but significantly enhanced WP and IWP by 9% and 28% compared to full irrigation”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation reduced evapotranspiration by 24% versus full irrigation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- ETce0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deficit irrigation reduced potato yield and ETc by 25% and 24%, respectively, but significantly enhanced WP and IWP by 9% and 28% compared to full irrigation”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation significantly enhanced water productivity by 9%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- WPe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 9%e0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deficit irrigation reduced potato yield and ETc by 25% and 24%, respectively, but significantly enhanced WP and IWP by 9% and 28% compared to full irrigation”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation significantly enhanced irrigation water productivity by 28%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- IWPe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deficit irrigation reduced potato yield and ETc by 25% and 24%, respectively, but significantly enhanced WP and IWP by 9% and 28% compared to full irrigation”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
With 10–20% water saving under drip irrigation and specified fertilizer rates, deficit irrigation improved WP in sandy soils with 600–800 mm annual rainfall.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- WPe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- water-saving ratio of 10–20%e0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione0
- Setting
- sandy soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When a water-saving ratio of 10–20% was implemented under drip irrigation with optimal fertilizer rates (240–360 kg N ha−1, >104 kg P2O5 ha−1, 150–200 kg K2O ha−1), deficit irrigation improved WP without yield loss in sandy soils with annual rainfall of 600–800 mm when compared to full irrigation”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Under those conditions, deficit irrigation avoided yield loss versus full irrigation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- without yield losse0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione0
- Setting
- sandy soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deficit irrigation improved WP without yield loss in sandy soils with annual rainfall of 600–800 mm when compared to full irrigation”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation water productivity increased with SOC levels.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- IWPe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- rising SOC levelse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IWP increased with rising SOC levels”
t0“potato”
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