Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) are commonly found in saline environments, such as the Flooding Pampas (Argentina), where the forage grass Chloris gayana has been introduced. This study evaluated the effect of salinity on the DSE fungus Exserohilum rostratum, isolated from C. gayana, and its contribution to the grass’s salinity tolerance. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted under three salinity levels (0, 40, and 80 meq Na·L−1), with and without fungal inoculation. Fungal growth, root colonization, functional traits, plant biomass, chemical composition, and salinity tolerance indices were assessed. The fungus tolerated salinity and colonized roots, showing qualitative evidence of enzyme production and phosphate solubilization. In both experiments, shoot and root biomass decreased with increasing salinity. Inoculation significantly enhanced shoot biomass only under non-saline conditions in the first experiment, whereas in the second experiment no inoculation effect was observed on shoots. For roots, no effect of inoculation occurred in the first experiment, but a positive interaction between salinity and inoculation was recorded in the second experiment, where moderate salinity increased root biomass in inoculated plants. The K/Na and Ca/Na ratios decreased under salinity regardless of inoculation, indicating limited influence on ionic balance. These results suggest that although E. rostratum tolerates salinity and expresses functional traits, its ability to enhance plant performance under stress is context-dependent and restricted to specific conditions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Exserohilum rostratum tolerated salinity.
- Taxon
- Chloris gayana
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Chloris gayanat0 - Interactor
- Exserohilum rostratum
Exserohilum rostratumt0symbionte0 - Outcome
- fungus tolerated salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
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Verbatim
e0“The fungus tolerated salinity and colonized roots, showing qualitative evidence of enzyme production and phosphate solubilization”
t0“Exserohilum rostratum Mitigate the Effect of Salinity on the Grass Chloris gayana”
Claim · model-written summary
Exserohilum rostratum colonized roots.
- Taxon
- Chloris gayanaChloris gayanat0
- Interactor
- Exserohilum rostratumExserohilum rostratumt0symbionte0
- Outcome
- colonized rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungus tolerated salinity and colonized roots, showing qualitative evidence of enzyme production and phosphate solubilization”
t0“Exserohilum rostratum Mitigate the Effect of Salinity on the Grass Chloris gayana”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus showed qualitative enzyme production.
- Taxon
- Chloris gayanaChloris gayanat0
- Interactor
- Exserohilum rostratumExserohilum rostratumt0symbionte0
- Outcome
- enzyme productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungus tolerated salinity and colonized roots, showing qualitative evidence of enzyme production and phosphate solubilization”
t0“Exserohilum rostratum Mitigate the Effect of Salinity on the Grass Chloris gayana”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus showed phosphate solubilization.
- Taxon
- Chloris gayanaChloris gayanat0
- Interactor
- Exserohilum rostratumExserohilum rostratumt0symbionte0
- Outcome
- phosphate solubilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungus tolerated salinity and colonized roots, showing qualitative evidence of enzyme production and phosphate solubilization”
t0“Exserohilum rostratum Mitigate the Effect of Salinity on the Grass Chloris gayana”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot biomass fell with increasing salinity in both experiments.
- Taxon
- Chloris gayanaChloris gayanat0
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- shoote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both experiments, shoot and root biomass decreased with increasing salinity”
t0“Chloris gayana”
Claim · model-written summary
Root biomass fell with increasing salinity in both experiments.
- Taxon
- Chloris gayanaChloris gayanat0
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both experiments, shoot and root biomass decreased with increasing salinity”
t0“Chloris gayana”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation raised shoot biomass under nonsaline conditions in the first experiment.
- Taxon
- Chloris gayanaChloris gayanat0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Exserohilum rostratumExserohilum rostratumt0symbionte0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- only under non-saline conditions in the first experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation significantly enhanced shoot biomass only under non-saline conditions in the first experiment”
t0“Exserohilum rostratum Mitigate the Effect of Salinity on the Grass Chloris gayana”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation had no shoot effect in the second experiment.
- Taxon
- Chloris gayanaChloris gayanat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Exserohilum rostratumExserohilum rostratumt0symbionte0
- Outcome
- shootse0
- Direction
- no inoculation effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the second experiment no inoculation effect was observed on shoots”
t0“Exserohilum rostratum Mitigate the Effect of Salinity on the Grass Chloris gayana”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation had no root effect in the first experiment.
- Taxon
- Chloris gayanaChloris gayanat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Exserohilum rostratumExserohilum rostratumt0symbionte0
- Outcome
- rootse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For roots, no effect of inoculation occurred in the first experiment”
t0“Exserohilum rostratum Mitigate the Effect of Salinity on the Grass Chloris gayana”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate salinity increased root biomass in inoculated plants in the second experiment.
- Taxon
- Chloris gayanaChloris gayanat0
- Treatment
- moderate salinitye0
- Interactor
- Exserohilum rostratumExserohilum rostratumt0symbionte0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in inoculated plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate salinity increased root biomass in inoculated plants”
t0“Exserohilum rostratum Mitigate the Effect of Salinity on the Grass Chloris gayana”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity lowered K/Na ratio regardless of inoculation.
- Taxon
- Chloris gayanaChloris gayanat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- K/Nae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The K/Na and Ca/Na ratios decreased under salinity regardless of inoculation”
t0“Chloris gayana”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity lowered Ca/Na ratio regardless of inoculation.
- Taxon
- Chloris gayanaChloris gayanat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Ca/Nae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The K/Na and Ca/Na ratios decreased under salinity regardless of inoculation”
t0“Chloris gayana”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude the fungus improves stressed plant performance only under specific conditions.
- Taxon
- Chloris gayanaChloris gayanat0
- Interactor
- E. rostratumExserohilum rostratume0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant performance under stresse0
- Qualifier
- context-dependent and restricted to specific conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“although E. rostratum tolerates salinity and expresses functional traits, its ability to enhance plant performance under stress is context-dependent and restricted to specific conditions”
t0“Chloris gayana”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Chloris gayanaResults agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.