Abstract
Chitinolytic organisms invade soil undetected and are valuable sources of secondary metabolites. This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils for use as nematicides against root-knot nematodes, discovering five potent fungi: Aspergillus niveus, A. oryzae, Fusarium incarnatum, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and Trichoderma yunnanense. A. oryzae had the highest chitinolytic activity at 0.8427. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed beneficial volatile metabolites, and toxicological assessments showed all isolates were safe at a 1 ml/rat dose.In lab trials, A. niveus and A. oryzae effectively prevented Meloidogyne javanica hatching, while T. yunnanense and A. niveus had the highest juvenile mortality rates. Greenhouse tests showed A. niveus reduced root-knot nematode populations by 70%, and field trials indicated that P. lilacinum and A. oryzae enhanced strawberry growth. All fungal treatments decreased nematode populations by 25.3% to 63.1% and improved strawberries' total soluble solids, sugar content, firmness, and vitamin C levels. A. oryzae increased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (PO) activities, while T. yunnanense produced high phenolic compounds. A. niveus also raised proline content, enhancing plant resilience. This study suggests that these chitinolytic fungi can provide sustainable solutions for nematode management and improve agricultural practices.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Five chitinolytic fungal strains with nematicidal potential were identified from strawberry-growing soils.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae1 - Outcome
- chitinolytic fungal strainse1
- Value
- fivee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e2“discovering five potent fungi: Aspergillus niveus, A. oryzae, Fusarium incarnatum, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and Trichoderma yunnanense”
Claim · model-written summary
A. oryzae had the highest chitinolytic activity (0.8427).
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Interactor
- A. oryzae
.jpg?width=60)
Aspergillus oryzaee3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- chitinolytic activitye3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 0.8427e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e3“A. oryzae had the highest chitinolytic activity at 0.8427”
Claim · model-written summary
GC-MS revealed beneficial volatile metabolites in the fungal isolates.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Outcome
- volatile metabolitese4
- Qualifier
- beneficiale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e4“Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed beneficial volatile metabolites”
Claim · model-written summary
All fungal isolates were safe at a 1 ml/rat dose in toxicological assessments.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Outcome
- toxicological assessmentse5
- Qualifier
- all isolates were safe at a 1 ml/rat dosee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e5“toxicological assessments showed all isolates were safe at a 1 ml/rat dose”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niveus effectively prevented Meloidogyne javanica hatching in the lab.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- A. niveuse6
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae6pest
- Second interactor
- A. niveus
Aspergillus niveuse6biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- Meloidogyne javanica hatchinge6
- Direction
- preventede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e6“A. niveus and A. oryzae effectively prevented Meloidogyne javanica hatching”
Claim · model-written summary
A. oryzae effectively prevented Meloidogyne javanica hatching in the lab.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- A. oryzaee6
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae6pest
- Second interactor
- A. oryzaeAspergillus oryzaee6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Meloidogyne javanica hatchinge6
- Direction
- preventede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e6“A. niveus and A. oryzae effectively prevented Meloidogyne javanica hatching”
Claim · model-written summary
T. yunnanense had a high juvenile mortality rate of nematodes in the lab.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- T. yunnanensee7
- Outcome
- juvenile mortality ratese7
- Direction
- higheste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e7“T. yunnanense and A. niveus had the highest juvenile mortality rates”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niveus had a high juvenile mortality rate of nematodes in the lab, together with T. yunnanense.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- A. niveuse7
- Outcome
- juvenile mortality ratese7
- Direction
- higheste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e7“T. yunnanense and A. niveus had the highest juvenile mortality rates”
Claim · model-written summary
In greenhouse tests, A. niveus reduced root-knot nematode populations by 70%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- A. niveuse2
- Interactor
- root-knot nematode
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee2pest - Outcome
- root-knot nematode populationse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 70%e2
- Setting
- Greenhousee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e2“Greenhouse tests showed A. niveus reduced root-knot nematode populations by 70%”
Claim · model-written summary
P. lilacinum enhanced strawberry growth in field trials.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae2
- Treatment
- P. lilacinume2
- Outcome
- strawberry growthe2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Setting
- field trialse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e2“field trials indicated that P. lilacinum and A. oryzae enhanced strawberry growth”
Claim · model-written summary
A. oryzae enhanced strawberry growth in field trials.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae2
- Treatment
- A. oryzaee2
- Outcome
- strawberry growthe2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Setting
- field trialse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e2“field trials indicated that P. lilacinum and A. oryzae enhanced strawberry growth”
Claim · model-written summary
All fungal treatments decreased nematode populations by 25.3% to 63.1%.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae2
- Treatment
- All fungal treatmentse2
- Outcome
- nematode populationse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 25.3% to 63.1%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e2“All fungal treatments decreased nematode populations by 25.3% to 63.1% and improved strawberries' total soluble solids, sugar content, firmness, and vitamin C levels”
Claim · model-written summary
All fungal treatments improved total soluble solids, sugar content and firmness of strawberries.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae2
- Treatment
- All fungal treatmentse2
- Outcome
- total soluble solids, sugar content, firmnesse2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e2“All fungal treatments decreased nematode populations by 25.3% to 63.1% and improved strawberries' total soluble solids, sugar content, firmness, and vitamin C levels”
Claim · model-written summary
All fungal treatments improved vitamin C levels of strawberries.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae2
- Treatment
- All fungal treatmentse2
- Outcome
- vitamin C levelse2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e2“All fungal treatments decreased nematode populations by 25.3% to 63.1% and improved strawberries' total soluble solids, sugar content, firmness, and vitamin C levels”
Claim · model-written summary
A. oryzae increased polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities in strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- A. oryzaee2
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (PO) activitiese2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e2“A. oryzae increased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (PO) activities”
Claim · model-written summary
T. yunnanense produced high levels of phenolic compounds in strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Interactor
- T. yunnanenseTrichoderma yunnanensee2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- phenolic compoundse2
- Qualifier
- highe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e2“T. yunnanense produced high phenolic compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niveus raised proline content, enhancing plant resilience.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- A. niveuse2
- Outcome
- proline contente2
- Direction
- raisede2
- Qualifier
- enhancing plant resiliencee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e2“A. niveus also raised proline content, enhancing plant resilience”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitinolytic fungi are suggested to provide sustainable solutions for nematode management.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Outcome
- sustainable solutions for nematode managemente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This research identified promising chitinolytic fungal strains from strawberry-growing soils”
e2“chitinolytic fungi can provide sustainable solutions for nematode management”