Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have demonstrated the capacity to increase active ingredient concentrations in industrial plants such as Polygonum cuspidatum, whereas it is still uncertain whether this effect is mediated by AM-facilitated nutritional absorption like phosphorus (P). In this study, a microsystem was utilized to deliver extra P to the hyphal chamber, thereby examining the impacts of hyphal P absorption on plant growth, P acquisition, phosphatase concentration, bioactive compound concentrations, and the expression of resveratrol-related genes in P. cuspidatum. The supplementation of P led to significant increases in Funneliformis mosseae colonization rates in roots and hyphal lengths in soil. AM inoculation significantly improved plant height (34.3–84.7%) and root biomass (10.9–27.8%), particularly when P was supplied to the hyphal chamber. Compared with the uninoculated treatment, AM inoculation also distinctly elevated leaf and root P levels by 110.9–252.2% and 33.0–179.5%, respectively, aligning with an increase in soil acid, neutral, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Roots served as the primary site for resveratrol biosynthesis. Inoculation with F. mosseae increased bioactive compound concentrations in both leaves and roots to varying degrees, with the observed increase being greater when hyphae could pass through a 37 μm mesh (permitting hyphal access) into the P-supplemented hyphal chamber, as opposed to a 0.45 μm mesh (restricting hyphal access). Supplying extra P to the hyphal chamber further amplified the promoting effect on root aloe-emodin (23.1%), chrysophanol (28.5%), physcion (14.8%), polydatin (14.7%), and resveratrol (14.4%) concentrations, as well as on leaf chrysophanol (138.0%), physcion (224.5%), and polydatin (113.7%) in AM plants, accompanied by the up-regulated expression of PcCHS1, PcCHS2, PcCRS1, and PcRS genes. In summary, mycorrhizal extraradical hyphal nutrient absorption, especially P, has emerged as a critical mechanism in modulating both plant growth and bioactive compound production in P. cuspidatum.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
P supplementation significantly increased Funneliformis mosseae colonization rates in roots and hyphal lengths in soil.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatum
Polygonum cuspidatumt0 - Treatment
- supplementation of Pe0
- Interactor
- Funneliformis mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Outcome
- colonization rates in roots and hyphal lengths in soile0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The supplementation of P led to significant increases in Funneliformis mosseae colonization rates in roots and hyphal lengths in soil”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation significantly improved plant height by 34.3 to 84.7%.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 34.3–84.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AM inoculation significantly improved plant height (34.3–84.7%) and root biomass (10.9–27.8%)”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation significantly improved root biomass by 10.9 to 27.8%.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 10.9–27.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AM inoculation significantly improved plant height (34.3–84.7%) and root biomass (10.9–27.8%)”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with uninoculated plants, AM inoculation elevated leaf P levels by 110.9 to 252.2%.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- P levelse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 110.9–252.2%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculated treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the uninoculated treatment, AM inoculation also distinctly elevated leaf and root P levels by 110.9–252.2% and 33.0–179.5%, respectively”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with uninoculated plants, AM inoculation elevated root P levels by 33.0 to 179.5%.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- P levelse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 33.0–179.5%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculated treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the uninoculated treatment, AM inoculation also distinctly elevated leaf and root P levels by 110.9–252.2% and 33.0–179.5%, respectively”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation raised P levels in line with an increase in soil acid, neutral and alkaline phosphatase concentrations.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil acid, neutral, and alkaline phosphatase concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- uninoculated treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the uninoculated treatment, AM inoculation also distinctly elevated leaf and root P levels by 110.9–252.2% and 33.0–179.5%, respectively, aligning with an increase in soil acid, neutral, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots were the primary site of resveratrol biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Organ / stage
- Rootse0
- Outcome
- primary site for resveratrol biosynthesise0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots served as the primary site for resveratrol biosynthesis”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with F. mosseae increased bioactive compound concentrations in both leaves and roots to varying degrees.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with F. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- bioactive compound concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with F. mosseae increased bioactive compound concentrations in both leaves and roots to varying degrees”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in bioactive compound concentrations was greater when hyphae could pass a 37 um mesh into the P-supplemented hyphal chamber than with a 0.45 um mesh restricting hyphal access.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Treatment
- 37 μm mesh (permitting hyphal access)e0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- bioactive compound concentrationse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 0.45 μm mesh (restricting hyphal access)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with F. mosseae increased bioactive compound concentrations in both leaves and roots to varying degrees, with the observed increase being greater when hyphae could pass through a 37 μm mesh (permitting hyphal access) into the P-supplemented hyphal chamber, as opposed to a 0.45 μm mesh (restricting hyphal access)”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra P supplied to the hyphal chamber further increased root aloe-emodin concentration by 23.1% in AM plants.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Supplying extra P to the hyphal chambere0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- aloe-emodine0
- Direction
- amplifiede0
- Value
- 23.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplying extra P to the hyphal chamber further amplified the promoting effect on root aloe-emodin (23.1%), chrysophanol (28.5%), physcion (14.8%), polydatin (14.7%), and resveratrol (14.4%) concentrations, as well as on leaf chrysophanol (138.0%), physcion (224.5%), and polydatin (113.7%) in AM plants”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra P supplied to the hyphal chamber further increased root chrysophanol concentration by 28.5% in AM plants.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Supplying extra P to the hyphal chambere0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- chrysophanole0
- Direction
- amplifiede0
- Value
- 28.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplying extra P to the hyphal chamber further amplified the promoting effect on root aloe-emodin (23.1%), chrysophanol (28.5%), physcion (14.8%), polydatin (14.7%), and resveratrol (14.4%) concentrations, as well as on leaf chrysophanol (138.0%), physcion (224.5%), and polydatin (113.7%) in AM plants”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra P supplied to the hyphal chamber further increased root physcion concentration by 14.8% in AM plants.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Supplying extra P to the hyphal chambere0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- physcione0
- Direction
- amplifiede0
- Value
- 14.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplying extra P to the hyphal chamber further amplified the promoting effect on root aloe-emodin (23.1%), chrysophanol (28.5%), physcion (14.8%), polydatin (14.7%), and resveratrol (14.4%) concentrations, as well as on leaf chrysophanol (138.0%), physcion (224.5%), and polydatin (113.7%) in AM plants”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra P supplied to the hyphal chamber further increased root polydatin concentration by 14.7% in AM plants.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Supplying extra P to the hyphal chambere0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- polydatine0
- Direction
- amplifiede0
- Value
- 14.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplying extra P to the hyphal chamber further amplified the promoting effect on root aloe-emodin (23.1%), chrysophanol (28.5%), physcion (14.8%), polydatin (14.7%), and resveratrol (14.4%) concentrations, as well as on leaf chrysophanol (138.0%), physcion (224.5%), and polydatin (113.7%) in AM plants”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra P supplied to the hyphal chamber further increased root resveratrol concentration by 14.4% in AM plants.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Supplying extra P to the hyphal chambere0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- resveratrole0
- Direction
- amplifiede0
- Value
- 14.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplying extra P to the hyphal chamber further amplified the promoting effect on root aloe-emodin (23.1%), chrysophanol (28.5%), physcion (14.8%), polydatin (14.7%), and resveratrol (14.4%) concentrations, as well as on leaf chrysophanol (138.0%), physcion (224.5%), and polydatin (113.7%) in AM plants”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra P supplied to the hyphal chamber further increased leaf chrysophanol concentration by 138.0% in AM plants.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- Supplying extra P to the hyphal chambere0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- chrysophanole0
- Direction
- amplifiede0
- Value
- 138.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplying extra P to the hyphal chamber further amplified the promoting effect on root aloe-emodin (23.1%), chrysophanol (28.5%), physcion (14.8%), polydatin (14.7%), and resveratrol (14.4%) concentrations, as well as on leaf chrysophanol (138.0%), physcion (224.5%), and polydatin (113.7%) in AM plants”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra P supplied to the hyphal chamber further increased leaf physcion concentration by 224.5% in AM plants.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- Supplying extra P to the hyphal chambere0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- physcione0
- Direction
- amplifiede0
- Value
- 224.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplying extra P to the hyphal chamber further amplified the promoting effect on root aloe-emodin (23.1%), chrysophanol (28.5%), physcion (14.8%), polydatin (14.7%), and resveratrol (14.4%) concentrations, as well as on leaf chrysophanol (138.0%), physcion (224.5%), and polydatin (113.7%) in AM plants”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra P supplied to the hyphal chamber further increased leaf polydatin concentration by 113.7% in AM plants.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- Supplying extra P to the hyphal chambere0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- polydatine0
- Direction
- amplifiede0
- Value
- 113.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplying extra P to the hyphal chamber further amplified the promoting effect on root aloe-emodin (23.1%), chrysophanol (28.5%), physcion (14.8%), polydatin (14.7%), and resveratrol (14.4%) concentrations, as well as on leaf chrysophanol (138.0%), physcion (224.5%), and polydatin (113.7%) in AM plants”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra P supplied to the hyphal chamber was accompanied by up-regulated expression of PcCHS1, PcCHS2, PcCRS1 and PcRS genes.
- Taxon
- Polygonum cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatumt0
- Treatment
- Supplying extra P to the hyphal chambere0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Gene
- PcCHS1, PcCHS2, PcCRS1, and PcRSe0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplying extra P to the hyphal chamber further amplified the promoting effect on root aloe-emodin (23.1%), chrysophanol (28.5%), physcion (14.8%), polydatin (14.7%), and resveratrol (14.4%) concentrations, as well as on leaf chrysophanol (138.0%), physcion (224.5%), and polydatin (113.7%) in AM plants, accompanied by the up-regulated expression of PcCHS1, PcCHS2, PcCRS1, and PcRS genes”
t0“Polygonum cuspidatum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that mycorrhizal extraradical hyphal nutrient absorption, especially of P, is a critical mechanism modulating plant growth and bioactive compound production in P. cuspidatum.
- Taxon
- P. cuspidatumPolygonum cuspidatume0
- Compound
- Pe0
- Outcome
- plant growth and bioactive compound productione0
- Qualifier
- mycorrhizal extraradical hyphal nutrient absorptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal extraradical hyphal nutrient absorption, especially P, has emerged as a critical mechanism in modulating both plant growth and bioactive compound production in P. cuspidatum”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · growth · Polygonum cuspidatumPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
inoculation · growth · Polygonum cuspidatumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.