Abstract
The yield-enhancing effect of nitrogen (N) in sugar beets depends on the appropriate balance of other nutrients, including potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg). To determine the effects of these nutrients on beet yield (BY), quality parameters, white sugar yield (WSY), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) indices, a three-year field study was conducted in western Poland. Eight different fertilization treatments with potassium salt (PS), Korn-Kali (KK), and magnesium sulfate (Mg) were tested, K0, K1 (PS), K2 (PS), K2 (PS) + Mg, K1 (KK), K2 (KK), K2 (KK) + Mg, K2 (KK) + Mg + FF, where 0, 1, and 2 are the K rates, respectively, for 0, 83, and 163 kg K ha−1, and FF denotes foliar fertilization with magnesium sulfate. Potassium fertilization, both in the form of PS and KK, along with additional application of magnesium sulfate, positively affected BY and WSY. However, the response to fertilization depended strongly on seasonal factors, such as weather and soil conditions. Compared to the treatment without potassium (K0), the average BY increased by 6.5–9.1%, and the WSY by 4.6–9.0%. Mineral fertilization had little effect on taproot quality parameters, including sucrose content. The exception was the concentration of α-amino-N, which significantly decreased with the application of K fertilizers. However, changes in α-amino-N content were not significantly related to WSY levels because this characteristic primarily depended on BY each year, and applying K and Mg to the soil improves NUE indices.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium and magnesium sulfate fertilization increased beet yield by 6.5–9.1% relative to no potassium.
- Taxon
- sugar beets
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise2 - Treatment
- Potassium fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- BYe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 6.5–9.1%e1
- Comparator
- treatment without potassium (K0)e1
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium fertilization, both in the form of PS and KK, along with additional application of magnesium sulfate, positively affected BY and WSY”
e1“Compared to the treatment without potassium (K0), the average BY increased by 6.5–9.1%, and the WSY by 4.6–9.0%”
e2“in sugar beets depends on the appropriate balance of other nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium and magnesium sulfate fertilization increased white sugar yield by 4.6–9.0% relative to no potassium.
- Taxon
- sugar beetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise2
- Treatment
- Potassium fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- WSYe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 4.6–9.0%e1
- Comparator
- treatment without potassium (K0)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium fertilization, both in the form of PS and KK, along with additional application of magnesium sulfate, positively affected BY and WSY”
e1“Compared to the treatment without potassium (K0), the average BY increased by 6.5–9.1%, and the WSY by 4.6–9.0%”
e2“in sugar beets depends on the appropriate balance of other nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization responses depended strongly on weather and soil conditions.
- Taxon
- sugar beetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Outcome
- response to fertilizatione0
- Setting
- weather and soil conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the response to fertilization depended strongly on seasonal factors, such as weather and soil conditions”
e1“in sugar beets depends on the appropriate balance of other nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilization had little effect on taproot quality parameters including sucrose content.
- Taxon
- sugar beetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Organ / stage
- taproote0
- Treatment
- Mineral fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- taproot quality parameters, including sucrose contente0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral fertilization had little effect on taproot quality parameters, including sucrose content”
e1“in sugar beets depends on the appropriate balance of other nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilizers significantly decreased α-amino-N concentration.
- Taxon
- sugar beetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- application of K fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- concentration of α-amino-Ne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration of α-amino-N, which significantly decreased with the application of K fertilizers”
e1“in sugar beets depends on the appropriate balance of other nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in α-amino-N content were not significantly related to white sugar yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Compound
- α-amino-Ne0
- Outcome
- WSY levelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in α-amino-N content were not significantly related to WSY levels”
e1“in sugar beets depends on the appropriate balance of other nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
White sugar yield depended primarily on beet yield each year.
- Taxon
- sugar beetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise2
- Outcome
- WSY levelse1
- Qualifier
- primarily depended on BY each yeare0
- Comparator
- BYe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this characteristic primarily depended on BY each year”
e1“changes in α-amino-N content were not significantly related to WSY levels”
e2“in sugar beets depends on the appropriate balance of other nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying potassium and magnesium to soil improved nitrogen use efficiency indices.
- Taxon
- sugar beetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- applying K and Mg to the soile0
- Outcome
- NUE indicese0
- Direction
- improvese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying K and Mg to the soil improves NUE indices”
e1“in sugar beets depends on the appropriate balance of other nutrients”
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