Abstract
A field experiment entitled “Productivity and Quality of Mungbean as Influenced by Seed Hardening and Foliar Spray of Panchgavya” conducted at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan) during the Kharif season, 2024 on loamy sand soil. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The mungbean crop under the influence of seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2% recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (51.26 cm), number of branches per plant (7.95), dry matter accumulation (29.99 g/plant) and seed yield (983 kg/ha).It also recorded maximum quality parameters viz., nitrogen (3.62%), protein content (22.65%), total nitrogen uptake (71.63 kg/ha), phosphorus uptake (14.13 kg/ha) and potassium uptake (47.57 kg/ha)and treatments KNO₃ @ 1%, KH₂PO₄ @ 2% and KCl @ 1% remained at par to each other but significantly higher than control. Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5% significantly showed improved growth parameters viz., plant height (51.83 cm), number of branches per plant (8.14), dry matter accumulation (30.17 g/plant) at harvest and seed yield (984 kg/ha). Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5% also recorded higher N,P,K content, protein content (22.77%), total nitrogen uptake (71.49 kg/ha), phosphorus uptake (14.68 kg/ha) and potassium uptake (47.49 kg/ha)over rest of the treatmentsand control.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride seed hardening significantly increased mungbean plant height to 51.26 cm.
- Taxon
- mungbean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2%e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 51.26 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2% recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (51.26 cm)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride seed hardening significantly increased branches per plant to 7.95.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2%e0
- Outcome
- number of branches per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7.95e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2% recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (51.26 cm), number of branches per plant (7.95)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride seed hardening significantly increased dry matter accumulation to 29.99 g/plant.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2%e0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 29.99 g/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2% recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (51.26 cm), number of branches per plant (7.95), dry matter accumulation (29.99 g/plant)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride seed hardening significantly increased seed yield to 983 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2%e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 983 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2% recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (51.26 cm), number of branches per plant (7.95), dry matter accumulation (29.99 g/plant) and seed yield (983 kg/ha)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride seed hardening gave a maximum nitrogen value of 3.62%.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2%e1
- Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 3.62%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also recorded maximum quality parameters viz., nitrogen (3.62%)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
e1“seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2% recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (51.26 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride seed hardening gave a maximum protein content of 22.65%.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2%e1
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 22.65%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum quality parameters viz., nitrogen (3.62%), protein content (22.65%)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
e1“seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2% recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (51.26 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride seed hardening gave a maximum total nitrogen uptake of 71.63 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2%e1
- Outcome
- total nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 71.63 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum quality parameters viz., nitrogen (3.62%), protein content (22.65%), total nitrogen uptake (71.63 kg/ha)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
e1“seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2% recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (51.26 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride seed hardening gave a maximum phosphorus uptake of 14.13 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2%e1
- Outcome
- phosphorus uptakee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 14.13 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum quality parameters viz., nitrogen (3.62%), protein content (22.65%), total nitrogen uptake (71.63 kg/ha), phosphorus uptake (14.13 kg/ha)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
e1“seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2% recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (51.26 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride seed hardening gave a maximum potassium uptake of 47.57 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2%e1
- Outcome
- potassium uptakee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 47.57 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum quality parameters viz., nitrogen (3.62%), protein content (22.65%), total nitrogen uptake (71.63 kg/ha), phosphorus uptake (14.13 kg/ha) and potassium uptake (47.57 kg/ha)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
e1“seed hardening with CaCl₂ @ 2% recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (51.26 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
KNO₃, KH₂PO₄ and KCl seed hardening treatments were statistically at par with each other and above control.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- KNO₃ @ 1%e0
- Outcome
- at par to each other but significantly highere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- KH₂PO₄ @ 2% and KCl @ 1%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments KNO₃ @ 1%, KH₂PO₄ @ 2% and KCl @ 1% remained at par to each other but significantly higher than control”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
Claim · model-written summary
Panchgavya spraying raised mungbean plant height to 51.83 cm.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5%e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 51.83 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5% significantly showed improved growth parameters viz., plant height (51.83 cm)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
Claim · model-written summary
Panchgavya spraying raised branches per plant to 8.14.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5%e0
- Outcome
- number of branches per plante0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 8.14e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5% significantly showed improved growth parameters viz., plant height (51.83 cm), number of branches per plant (8.14)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
Claim · model-written summary
Panchgavya spraying raised dry matter accumulation to 30.17 g/plant.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5%e0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 30.17 g/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5% significantly showed improved growth parameters viz., plant height (51.83 cm), number of branches per plant (8.14), dry matter accumulation (30.17 g/plant) at harvest”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
Claim · model-written summary
Panchgavya spraying raised seed yield to 984 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5%e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 984 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5% significantly showed improved growth parameters viz., plant height (51.83 cm), number of branches per plant (8.14), dry matter accumulation (30.17 g/plant) at harvest and seed yield (984 kg/ha)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
Claim · model-written summary
Panchgavya spraying gave higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5%e0
- Outcome
- N,P,K contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5% also recorded higher N,P,K content”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
Claim · model-written summary
Panchgavya spraying gave higher protein content of 22.77%.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5%e0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 22.77%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5% also recorded higher N,P,K content, protein content (22.77%)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
Claim · model-written summary
Panchgavya spraying gave higher total nitrogen uptake of 71.49 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5%e0
- Outcome
- total nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 71.49 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5% also recorded higher N,P,K content, protein content (22.77%), total nitrogen uptake (71.49 kg/ha)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
Claim · model-written summary
Panchgavya spraying gave higher phosphorus uptake of 14.68 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5%e0
- Outcome
- phosphorus uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.68 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5% also recorded higher N,P,K content, protein content (22.77%), total nitrogen uptake (71.49 kg/ha), phosphorus uptake (14.68 kg/ha)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
Claim · model-written summary
Panchgavya spraying gave higher potassium uptake of 47.49 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5%e0
- Outcome
- potassium uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 47.49 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of panchgavya @ 5% also recorded higher N,P,K content, protein content (22.77%), total nitrogen uptake (71.49 kg/ha), phosphorus uptake (14.68 kg/ha) and potassium uptake (47.49 kg/ha)”
t0“mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]”
e1“treatments KNO₃ @ 1%, KH₂PO₄ @ 2% and KCl @ 1% remained at par to each other but significantly higher than control”
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See all 7 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.