Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of two nitrogen doses in combination with strong creeping fescue (Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaudin) and Chewing’s red fescue (Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin) used as living mulches on the weed community in an apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard. The cover grasses were sown in the tree rows, and herbicide fallow served as the control. Grass living mulches effectively reduced the number and share of annual weed cover and limited the spread of perennial plants compared with herbicide fallow. Use of F. rubra L. subspecies did not favor the biodiversity of the orchard agroecosystem flora, due to the effective soil surface coverage by sod in the tree rows. Living mulch sod was characterized by lower variability in weed taxa compared with the abundant weed composition in the herbicide fallow, which also exhibited the highest number of weed taxa each year. Dominant species in the orchard across all treatments included Trifolium repens L. and Taraxacum spp. Doubling the nitrogen fertilization rate, while limiting the application area to the tree canopy, did not increase the perennial weed population in the living mulch sod. Both subspecies are useful as living mulch in a young apple orchard, but from the perspective of sod durability and weed control, strong creeping red fescue offers better prospects.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Grass living mulches reduced annual weed number and cover relative to herbicide fallow.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Grass living mulchese0
- Interactor
- annual weede0weed
- Outcome
- number and share of annual weed covere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- herbicide fallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grass living mulches effectively reduced the number and share of annual weed cover and limited the spread of perennial plants compared with herbicide fallow”
t0“Apple Orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Grass living mulches limited perennial plant spread relative to herbicide fallow.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Grass living mulchese0
- Interactor
- perennial plantse0weed
- Outcome
- spread of perennial plantse0
- Direction
- limitede0
- Comparator
- herbicide fallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grass living mulches effectively reduced the number and share of annual weed cover and limited the spread of perennial plants compared with herbicide fallow”
t0“Apple Orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
F. rubra subspecies did not favor orchard flora biodiversity through effective sod coverage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- F. rubra L. subspeciese0
- Interactor
- F. rubra L. subspecies
Festuca rubrae0weed - Outcome
- biodiversity of the orchard agroecosystem florae0
- Direction
- did not favore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of F. rubra L. subspecies did not favor the biodiversity of the orchard agroecosystem flora, due to the effective soil surface coverage by sod in the tree rows”
t0“Apple Orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Living mulch sod had lower weed taxa variability than herbicide fallow.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Living mulch sode0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- variability in weed taxae0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- herbicide fallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Living mulch sod was characterized by lower variability in weed taxa compared with the abundant weed composition in the herbicide fallow”
t0“Apple Orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide fallow had the highest number of weed taxa each year.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- herbicide fallowe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- number of weed taxae0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the herbicide fallow, which also exhibited the highest number of weed taxa each year”
t0“Apple Orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifolium repens L. was dominant across orchard treatments.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- Trifolium repens L.
Trifolium repense0weed - Outcome
- Dominant speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dominant species in the orchard across all treatments included Trifolium repens L. and Taraxacum spp.”
t0“Apple Orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Taraxacum spp. was dominant across orchard treatments.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Dominant speciese0
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TaraxacumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Clock_-_Tennessee%2C_USA_-_May_31%2C_2014.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Dominant species in the orchard across all treatments included Trifolium repens L. and Taraxacum spp.”
t0“Apple Orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Doubling nitrogen rate in the tree canopy did not increase perennial weeds in living mulch sod.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Doubling the nitrogen fertilization ratee0
- Interactor
- perennial weede0weed
- Outcome
- perennial weed populatione0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- limiting the application area to the tree canopye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Doubling the nitrogen fertilization rate, while limiting the application area to the tree canopy, did not increase the perennial weed population in the living mulch sod”
t0“Apple Orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong creeping red fescue offers better prospects for sod durability and weed control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- strong creeping red fescue offers better prospectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from the perspective of sod durability and weed control, strong creeping red fescue offers better prospects”
t0“Apple Orchard”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · weed · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
cover crop · weed · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
mulching · weed · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
12 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.