Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Several herbicide treatments controlled annual weed species excellently.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- several treatmentse0
- Interactor
- annual weed speciese0weed
- Outcome
- Control of annual weed speciese0
- Direction
- excellente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining preemergence herbicides broadened weed control in several instances.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- preemergence herbicides were used in combinationse0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- spectrum of weedse0
- Direction
- broadere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Perennial weeds were released when herbicides suppressed annual species.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Interactor
- johnsongrass
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Sorghum halepensee0weed - Outcome
- Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrasse0
- Direction
- releasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye cover crop suppressed weed growth in nontreated plots.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- rye cover crope0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- growth of weedse0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Three of 20 herbicide treatments increased new shoot growth of newly transplanted apple trees.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- New shoot growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3 of 20 herbicide treatmentse0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven of 20 herbicide treatments increased scion circumference of newly transplanted apple trees.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- scion circumferencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11 of 20 herbicide treatmentse0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides did not affect growth of one-year-old apple trees.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- herbicidet0
- Outcome
- Growth of one-year-old apple treese0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected.”
t0“Herbicide Effects on Weed Control and Shoot Growth of Young Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-five of 33 herbicide treatments increased scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees.
- Taxon
- peach trees
Prunus persicae0 - Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Scion circumferencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25 of 33 herbicide treatmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · weed · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →herbicide · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
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10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →cover crop · weed · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.