Abstract
The strong susceptibility of the fruit species used as rootstocks to herbicide application necessitated the studies on the vegetative habits and physiological status of the plants with the aim of optimizing the weed control in the production of certified fruit planting material. The aim of the present study was to develop an in vitro test system for preliminary screening of the effect of some soil herbicides on the growth habits of vegetative apple rootstocks. Micropropagated and rooted plants of apple rootstock ММ 106 (root length about 10 mm) were treated with the soil herbicides pendimethalin and napropamid. The following variants were set for the experiment: 1. Control (untreated); 2. Pendimethalin – Stomp 33 EC – 4.0 L/ha; 3. Pendimethalin – Stomp 33 EC – 6.0 L/ha; 4. Napropamid – Devrinol 4F – 4.0 L/ha; 5. Napropamid – Devrinol 4F – 4.0 L/ha. The rates of the respective herbicides were recalculated according to the area of the cultural vessel. In both variants with napropamid applied appearance of necrosis in the root tips was observed on the 7 th day. On the 14 th and 21 st days those symptoms were much more expressed and stem growth suppression was also reported. It was established that pendimethalin and napropamid depressed the stem and root growth of the treated plants. The inhibiting effect of napropamid on those characteristics was expressed even more strongly. Both soil herbicides did not exert any significant effect on the mean number of roots per plant. The application of those herbicides was the reason for the lower content of leaf pigments (chlorophyll а, β, а+β and carotenoids), the strongest depressing effect being reported after treatment with napropamid.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Napropamid caused root tip necrosis by day 7.
- Taxon
- APPLE
Malus domesticat0 - Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Treatment
- napropamide0
- Outcome
- necrosis in the root tipse0
- Qualifier
- 7 th daye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both variants with napropamid applied appearance of necrosis in the root tips was observed on the 7 th day.”
t0“APPLE ROOTSTOCK MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
Napropamid root tip necrosis was more pronounced on days 14 and 21.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- napropamide1
- Outcome
- those symptomse0
- Direction
- much more expressede0
- Qualifier
- 14 th and 21 st dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the 14 th and 21 st days those symptoms were much more expressed and stem growth suppression was also reported.”
t0“APPLE ROOTSTOCK MM 106”
e1“In both variants with napropamid applied appearance of necrosis in the root tips was observed on the 7 th day.”
Claim · model-written summary
Napropamid suppressed stem growth on days 14 and 21.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- napropamide1
- Outcome
- stem growthe0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Qualifier
- 14 th and 21 st dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the 14 th and 21 st days those symptoms were much more expressed and stem growth suppression was also reported.”
t0“APPLE ROOTSTOCK MM 106”
e1“In both variants with napropamid applied appearance of necrosis in the root tips was observed on the 7 th day.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin depressed stem and root growth.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- stem and root growthe0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was established that pendimethalin and napropamid depressed the stem and root growth of the treated plants.”
t0“APPLE ROOTSTOCK MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
Napropamid depressed stem and root growth.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- napropamide0
- Outcome
- stem and root growthe0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was established that pendimethalin and napropamid depressed the stem and root growth of the treated plants.”
t0“APPLE ROOTSTOCK MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
Napropamid inhibited stem and root growth more strongly than pendimethalin.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- napropamide0
- Outcome
- those characteristicse0
- Direction
- even more stronglye0
- Comparator
- pendimethaline1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibiting effect of napropamid on those characteristics was expressed even more strongly.”
t0“APPLE ROOTSTOCK MM 106”
e1“It was established that pendimethalin and napropamid depressed the stem and root growth of the treated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither soil herbicide significantly changed mean roots per plant.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Both soil herbicidese0
- Outcome
- mean number of roots per plante0
- Direction
- did not exert any significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both soil herbicides did not exert any significant effect on the mean number of roots per plant.”
t0“APPLE ROOTSTOCK MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicides lowered leaf pigment content.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- those herbicidese0
- Outcome
- content of leaf pigments (chlorophyll а, β, а+β and carotenoids)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of those herbicides was the reason for the lower content of leaf pigments (chlorophyll а, β, а+β and carotenoids), the strongest depressing effect being reported after treatment with napropamid.”
t0“APPLE ROOTSTOCK MM 106”
Claim · model-written summary
Napropamid had the strongest depressing effect on leaf pigments.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- napropamide0
- Outcome
- content of leaf pigmentse0
- Direction
- strongest depressing effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of those herbicides was the reason for the lower content of leaf pigments (chlorophyll а, β, а+β and carotenoids), the strongest depressing effect being reported after treatment with napropamid.”
t0“APPLE ROOTSTOCK MM 106”
The same questions in other papers
pendimethalin · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
herbicide · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →herbicide · physiology: pigments · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.