Paper · 2025 · Agriculture Association of Textile Chemical and Critical Reviews

Evaluation of Different Sources and Dosage Levels of Slow-Release Urea on Growth, Yield and Quality Parameters of Wet Direct-Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

K. Aruna; Mangal Deep Tuti; K. Bhanu Rekha; et al.

8
claims
16
verbatim quotes
0
citations
1
research areas
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Open access

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2022 at research farm of ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with ten treatments that consisted of nitrogen management practices allocated randomly and replicated thrice. Slow-release urea fertilizers such as silicon coated urea and cedar wood oil coated urea are developed at ICAR-IIRR laboratory were evaluated in wet direct seeded rice under field condition. Significantly highest plant height at panicle emergence and flowering stages (94.2 and 100.0 cm, respectively), higher number of tillers m -2 (395.3 and 384.0) and similar trend in dry matter production were registered in plots with application of 100 % RDN through silicon coated urea and cedar wood oil coated urea. Significantly, the highest and statistically comparable grain yield (6183 and 6025 kg ha -1 ) was recorded in plots applied with 100 % RDN @ 120 kg N ha -1 through silicon and cedar wood oil coated urea. The lowest grain yield (2320 kg ha -1 ) was observed with no application of nitrogen. Among the nitrogen management practices, Si-CU @ 120 kg N ha -1 recorded the highest head rice recovery, hulling percentage, milling percentage and amylose content however it was at par with CWOCU @ 120 kg N ha -1 and 100% RDN @120 kg N ha -1 neem coated urea. While, the lowest values were recorded in control plot with no application of nitrogen. It can be concluded that RDN applied through silicon coated urea and cedar wood oil coated urea @ 120 kg/ha found to be a suitable alternative source to neem coated urea in increasing the grain yield and profitability of wet direct seeded rice.

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Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon coated urea gave significantly highest plant height at panicle emergence.

Treatment
100 % RDN through silicon coated ureae0
Outcome
plant height at panicle emergencee0
Direction
higheste0
Value
94.2e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Significantly highest plant height at panicle emergence and flowering stages (94.2 and 100.0 cm, respectively), higher number of tillers m -2 (395.3 and 384.0) and similar trend in dry matter production were registered in plots with application of 100 % RDN through silicon coated urea and cedar wood oil coated urea.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 498–815 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 132–136 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Cedar wood oil coated urea gave significantly highest plant height at flowering.

Organ / stage
flowering stagese0
Treatment
cedar wood oil coated ureae0
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
higheste0
Value
100.0 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Significantly highest plant height at panicle emergence and flowering stages (94.2 and 100.0 cm, respectively), higher number of tillers m -2 (395.3 and 384.0) and similar trend in dry matter production were registered in plots with application of 100 % RDN through silicon coated urea and cedar wood oil coated urea.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 498–815 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 132–136 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Coated urea treatments increased tiller number and dry matter production.

Treatment
100 % RDN through silicon coated urea and cedar wood oil coated ureae0
Outcome
number of tillers m -2e0
Direction
highere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“higher number of tillers m -2 (395.3 and 384.0) and similar trend in dry matter production were registered in plots with application of 100 % RDN through silicon coated urea and cedar wood oil coated urea.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 610–815 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 132–136 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon coated urea yielded 6183 kg ha -1 grain.

Treatment
100 % RDN @ 120 kg N ha -1 through silicone0
Outcome
grain yielde0
Direction
higheste0
Value
6183e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the highest and statistically comparable grain yield (6183 and 6025 kg ha -1 ) was recorded in plots applied with 100 % RDN @ 120 kg N ha -1 through silicon and cedar wood oil coated urea.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 831–1019 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 132–136 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Cedar wood oil coated urea yielded 6025 kg ha -1 grain.

Treatment
cedar wood oil coated ureae0
Outcome
grain yielde0
Direction
higheste0
Value
6025 kg ha -1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the highest and statistically comparable grain yield (6183 and 6025 kg ha -1 ) was recorded in plots applied with 100 % RDN @ 120 kg N ha -1 through silicon and cedar wood oil coated urea.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 831–1019 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 132–136 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

No nitrogen application yielded the lowest grain yield.

Treatment
no application of nitrogene0
Outcome
grain yielde0
Direction
loweste0
Value
2320 kg ha -1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The lowest grain yield (2320 kg ha -1 ) was observed with no application of nitrogen.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1020–1105 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 132–136 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon coated urea gave highest grain processing and amylose outcomes.

Treatment
Si-CU @ 120 kg N ha -1e0
Outcome
head rice recovery, hulling percentage, milling percentagee0
Direction
higheste0
Comparator
CWOCU @ 120 kg N ha -1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Si-CU @ 120 kg N ha -1 recorded the highest head rice recovery, hulling percentage, milling percentage and amylose content however it was at par with CWOCU @ 120 kg N ha -1 and 100% RDN @120 kg N ha -1 neem coated urea.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1147–1366 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 132–136 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude coated urea sources are suitable alternatives for yield and profitability.

Outcome
suitable alternative source to neem coated ureae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“It can be concluded that RDN applied through silicon coated urea and cedar wood oil coated urea @ 120 kg/ha found to be a suitable alternative source to neem coated urea in increasing the grain yield and profitability of wet direct seeded rice.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1455–1699 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 132–136 · show in text ↑

silicon atom · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

218 papers: 202 positive, 16 negative or no effect

201 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
    Silicon without fungicides and fungicides at full rate without silicon showed no differences in yield in upland rice.

    Effects of Silicon and Fungicides on the Control of Leaf and Neck Blast in Upland Rice · 2004 · compared with fungicides (full rate) without Si

    Opposite directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round

  2. no effect
  3. negative

214 papers more in this group

See all 218 papers →

silicon atom · quality: grain · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

18 papers: 18 positive, 0 negative or no effect

17 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

14 papers more in this group

See all 18 papers →

nitrogen · quality: grain · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

102 papers: 81 positive, 21 negative or no effect

80 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. negative

98 papers more in this group

See all 102 papers →

nitrogen · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

511 papers: 402 positive, 109 negative or no effect

401 papers in the same direction as this paper · 101 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

507 papers more in this group

See all 511 papers →

nitrogen · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

2,045 papers: 1,803 positive, 242 negative or no effect

1,802 papers in the same direction as this paper · 193 in the opposite direction · 49 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

2,041 papers more in this group

See all 2,045 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.