Abstract
Nitrogen fertilizer is an important agronomic measure to regulate rice yield and grain quality. Grain filling is crucial for the formation of rice yield and grain quality. However, there are few studies on the effects of excessive nitrogen application (ENA) on grain filling rate and grain quality. A two-year field experiment was conducted to reveal the difference in grain filling characteristics and grain quality of superior grains (SG) and inferior grains (IG), as well as their responses to nitrogen fertilizer. We determined the grain appearance, the rice yield, the grain filling characteristics of SG and IG, and grain quality. We found that with the increasing nitrogen application level, grain yield of both varieties first increased and then decreased. The average yield of excessive nitrogen application (345 kg N ha−1) was 2.68–6.31% lower than that of appropriate nitrogen application (270 kg N ha−1). ENA reduced the grain filling rate by 12.7–25.8%, and the grain filling rate of SG was higher than that of IG. Increasing nitrogen application increased the processing quality and appearance quality of rice grain, but ENA deteriorated the appearance quality, eating quality and nutritional quality. The amylose content and taste value of SS were 3.1–9.7% and 7.1–20.2% higher than those of IS, respectively. The protein components of SG were lower than those of IG. Taken together, our results revealed that ENA leads to the lowering of rice grain yield and grain quality by suppressed grain filling of inferior grains.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield in both varieties rose then fell as nitrogen application increased.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- increasing nitrogen application levele0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- first increased and then decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the increasing nitrogen application level, grain yield of both varieties first increased and then decreased”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive nitrogen yielded 2.68–6.31% less than appropriate nitrogen application.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- excessive nitrogen application (345 kg N ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- average yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 2.68–6.31%e0
- Comparator
- appropriate nitrogen application (270 kg N ha−1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average yield of excessive nitrogen application (345 kg N ha−1) was 2.68–6.31% lower than that of appropriate nitrogen application (270 kg N ha−1)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive nitrogen reduced grain filling rate by 12.7–25.8%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ENA reduced the grain filling rate by 12.7–25.8%”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Superior grains filled faster than inferior grains.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain filling rate of SG was higher than that of IG”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen improved processing quality.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- processing qualitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing nitrogen application increased the processing quality and appearance quality of rice grain”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen improved grain appearance quality.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- appearance qualitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing nitrogen application increased the processing quality and appearance quality of rice grain”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive nitrogen deteriorated grain appearance, eating and nutritional quality.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ENAe0
- Outcome
- appearance quality, eating quality and nutritional qualitye0
- Direction
- deterioratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ENA deteriorated the appearance quality, eating quality and nutritional quality”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Amylose content in SS was 3.1–9.7% higher than IS.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- SSe0
- Outcome
- amylose contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.1–9.7%e0
- Comparator
- ISe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amylose content and taste value of SS were 3.1–9.7% and 7.1–20.2% higher than those of IS”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Taste value in SS was 7.1–20.2% higher than IS.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- SSe0
- Outcome
- taste valuee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7.1–20.2%e0
- Comparator
- ISe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amylose content and taste value of SS were 3.1–9.7% and 7.1–20.2% higher than those of IS”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Superior grains had lower protein components than inferior grains.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protein components of SG were lower than those of IG”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute excessive nitrogen yield and quality losses to suppressed filling of inferior grains.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ENAe0
- Outcome
- rice grain yield and grain qualitye0
- Qualifier
- suppressed grain filling of inferior grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ENA leads to the lowering of rice grain yield and grain quality by suppressed grain filling of inferior grains”
t0“Rice”
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