Abstract
Improving rice production in modern agriculture relies heavily on the overuse of chemical fertilizer, which adversely affects grain quality. Biochar (BC) application is well known for enhancing rice yield under reduced nitrogen (N) application. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate RVA profile characteristics, grain milling, and appearance qualities under four BC rates (0, 10, 20, 30 t ha−1) in combination with two N levels (135 and 180 kg ha−1). The results showed that BC at 30 t ha−1 along with 135 kg N ha−1 improved rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) profile attributes, including peak viscosity (4081.3), trough viscosity (3168.0), break down (913.3), final viscosity (5135.7), and set back (1967.7). Grain yield, grain rain length, milled rice rate, percent grains with chalkiness, amylose, and starch content were improved by 27%, 23%, 37%, 24%, 14%, and 8%, respectively, in the plots treated with the combination of 30 t BC ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1. A positive coefficient of correlation was observed in RVA profile, milling, and apparent quality of rice with soil properties. These results suggested that BC at 20 to 30 t ha−1 in combination with 135 kg N ha−1 is a promising option for enhancing grain yield, RVA profile, appearance, and milling quality.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
The 30 t biochar and 135 kg nitrogen treatment improved peak viscosity to 4081.3.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- BC at 30 t ha−1 along with 135 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- peak viscositye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 4081.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BC at 30 t ha−1 along with 135 kg N ha−1 improved rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) profile attributes, including peak viscosity (4081.3)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment improved trough viscosity to 3168.0.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BC at 30 t ha−1 along with 135 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- trough viscositye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 3168.0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BC at 30 t ha−1 along with 135 kg N ha−1 improved rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) profile attributes, including peak viscosity (4081.3), trough viscosity (3168.0)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment improved breakdown to 913.3.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BC at 30 t ha−1 along with 135 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- break downe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 913.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BC at 30 t ha−1 along with 135 kg N ha−1 improved rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) profile attributes, including peak viscosity (4081.3), trough viscosity (3168.0), break down (913.3)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment improved final viscosity to 5135.7.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BC at 30 t ha−1 along with 135 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- final viscositye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 5135.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BC at 30 t ha−1 along with 135 kg N ha−1 improved rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) profile attributes, including peak viscosity (4081.3), trough viscosity (3168.0), break down (913.3), final viscosity (5135.7)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment improved setback to 1967.7.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BC at 30 t ha−1 along with 135 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- set backe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 1967.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BC at 30 t ha−1 along with 135 kg N ha−1 improved rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) profile attributes, including peak viscosity (4081.3), trough viscosity (3168.0), break down (913.3), final viscosity (5135.7), and set back (1967.7)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The 30 t biochar and 180 kg nitrogen treatment improved grain yield by 27%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 30 t BC ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield, grain rain length, milled rice rate, percent grains with chalkiness, amylose, and starch content were improved by 27%, 23%, 37%, 24%, 14%, and 8%, respectively, in the plots treated with the combination of 30 t BC ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment improved grain length by 23%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 30 t BC ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- grain rain lengthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield, grain rain length, milled rice rate, percent grains with chalkiness, amylose, and starch content were improved by 27%, 23%, 37%, 24%, 14%, and 8%, respectively, in the plots treated with the combination of 30 t BC ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment improved milled rice rate by 37%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 30 t BC ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- milled rice ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 37%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield, grain rain length, milled rice rate, percent grains with chalkiness, amylose, and starch content were improved by 27%, 23%, 37%, 24%, 14%, and 8%, respectively, in the plots treated with the combination of 30 t BC ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment improved percent grains with chalkiness by 24%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 30 t BC ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- percent grains with chalkinesse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield, grain rain length, milled rice rate, percent grains with chalkiness, amylose, and starch content were improved by 27%, 23%, 37%, 24%, 14%, and 8%, respectively, in the plots treated with the combination of 30 t BC ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment improved amylose content by 14%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 30 t BC ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- amylosee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield, grain rain length, milled rice rate, percent grains with chalkiness, amylose, and starch content were improved by 27%, 23%, 37%, 24%, 14%, and 8%, respectively, in the plots treated with the combination of 30 t BC ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment improved starch content by 8%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 30 t BC ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- starch contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield, grain rain length, milled rice rate, percent grains with chalkiness, amylose, and starch content were improved by 27%, 23%, 37%, 24%, 14%, and 8%, respectively, in the plots treated with the combination of 30 t BC ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RVA profile and soil properties were positively correlated.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- RVA profilee0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Setting
- soil propertiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive coefficient of correlation was observed in RVA profile, milling, and apparent quality of rice with soil properties.”
Claim · model-written summary
Milling quality and soil properties were positively correlated.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- millinge0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Setting
- soil propertiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive coefficient of correlation was observed in RVA profile, milling, and apparent quality of rice with soil properties.”
Claim · model-written summary
Appearance quality and soil properties were positively correlated.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- apparent qualitye0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Setting
- soil propertiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive coefficient of correlation was observed in RVA profile, milling, and apparent quality of rice with soil properties.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended 20 to 30 t biochar with 135 kg nitrogen for rice yield and quality.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BC at 20 to 30 t ha−1 in combination with 135 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- enhancing grain yield, RVA profile, appearance, and milling qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BC at 20 to 30 t ha−1 in combination with 135 kg N ha−1 is a promising option for enhancing grain yield, RVA profile, appearance, and milling quality.”
t0“Rice”
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