Abstract
To determine the combining effects of nitrogen application rate and planting density on rice yield and grain quality formation under salinity conditions, a field experiment was conducted in the coastal saline area using Oryza sativa L. cv. Nangeng 9108 from 2019 to 2020. The experiment was designed with six nitrogen rates (0, 210, 255, 300, 345, and 390 kg ha−1; denoted as N0-N390, respectively) and two transplanting densities (334,000 and 278,000 hills ha−1; denoted as D1 and D2, respectively). The results indicated that, with the increase of nitrogen input rate, the panicles number and spikelets per panicle increased first, subsequently decreased, and peaked under 300 kg ha−1 N, whereas the filled-kernel rate and grain weight displayed a decreasing trend. The panicle number and grain weight were higher under D1 treatment compared to those under D2 treatment, while the spikelet number per panicle and the filled-kernel rate displayed an opposite trend. The grain yield displayed highest under N300D1 treatment among all treatments, accompanied by the highest agronomic N use efficiency, and the actual yield reached 8060.4 kg ha−1 and 7869.8 kg ha−1 in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Increased nitrogen application rate significantly improved the grain processing quality and nutritional quality, while reducing the appearance quality and cooking/eating quality. Higher transplant density was conductive to grain nutritional quality, but notably reduced the processing quality, appearance quality and cooking/eating quality. Overall, a combination of 300 kg ha−1 nitrogen rate and 334,000 hills ha−1 planting density was recommended for relatively higher rice yield and better grain quality in the saline area.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing nitrogen input rate, panicle number and spikelets per panicle first increased then decreased, peaking at 300 kg ha-1 N.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- Nangeng 9108e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen input ratee2
- Outcome
- panicles number and spikelets per paniclee2
- Direction
- increased first, subsequently decreasede2
- Qualifier
- peaked under 300 kg ha−1 Ne2
- Setting
- coastal saline areae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oryza sativa L. cv. Nangeng 9108”
e1“coastal saline area”
e2“with the increase of nitrogen input rate, the panicles number and spikelets per panicle increased first, subsequently decreased, and peaked under 300 kg ha−1 N”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing nitrogen input rate, filled-kernel rate and grain weight showed a decreasing trend.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Nangeng 9108e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen input ratee2
- Outcome
- filled-kernel rate and grain weighte3
- Direction
- decreasing trende3
- Setting
- coastal saline areae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oryza sativa L. cv. Nangeng 9108”
e1“coastal saline area”
e2“with the increase of nitrogen input rate”
e3“the filled-kernel rate and grain weight displayed a decreasing trend”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle number and grain weight were higher under planting density D1 than under D2.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Nangeng 9108e0
- Treatment
- D1 treatmente2
- Outcome
- panicle number and grain weighte2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- D2 treatmente2
- Setting
- coastal saline areae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oryza sativa L. cv. Nangeng 9108”
e1“coastal saline area”
e2“The panicle number and grain weight were higher under D1 treatment compared to those under D2 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikelet number per panicle and filled-kernel rate showed the opposite trend, being higher under D2 than D1.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Nangeng 9108e0
- Treatment
- D1 treatmente3
- Outcome
- spikelet number per panicle and the filled-kernel ratee2
- Direction
- opposite trende2
- Comparator
- D2 treatmente3
- Setting
- coastal saline areae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oryza sativa L. cv. Nangeng 9108”
e1“coastal saline area”
e2“the spikelet number per panicle and the filled-kernel rate displayed an opposite trend”
e3“higher under D1 treatment compared to those under D2 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was highest under the N300D1 treatment among all treatments.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Nangeng 9108e0
- Treatment
- N300D1 treatmente2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Comparator
- all treatmentse2
- Setting
- coastal saline areae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oryza sativa L. cv. Nangeng 9108”
e1“coastal saline area”
e2“The grain yield displayed highest under N300D1 treatment among all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Agronomic N use efficiency was highest under the N300D1 treatment.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Nangeng 9108e0
- Treatment
- N300D1 treatmente2
- Outcome
- agronomic N use efficiencye2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Comparator
- all treatmentse2
- Setting
- coastal saline areae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oryza sativa L. cv. Nangeng 9108”
e1“coastal saline area”
e2“The grain yield displayed highest under N300D1 treatment among all treatments, accompanied by the highest agronomic N use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Actual yield reached 8060.4 kg ha-1 in 2019.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Nangeng 9108e0
- Outcome
- actual yielde2
- Value
- 8060.4 kg ha−1e2
- Qualifier
- 2019e2
- Setting
- coastal saline areae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oryza sativa L. cv. Nangeng 9108”
e1“coastal saline area”
e2“the actual yield reached 8060.4 kg ha−1 and 7869.8 kg ha−1 in 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Actual yield reached 7869.8 kg ha-1 in 2020.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Nangeng 9108e0
- Outcome
- actual yielde2
- Value
- 7869.8 kg ha−1e2
- Qualifier
- 2020e2
- Setting
- coastal saline areae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oryza sativa L. cv. Nangeng 9108”
e1“coastal saline area”
e2“the actual yield reached 8060.4 kg ha−1 and 7869.8 kg ha−1 in 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen application rate significantly improved grain processing quality and nutritional quality.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Nangeng 9108e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee2
- Outcome
- grain processing quality and nutritional qualitye2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Setting
- coastal saline areae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oryza sativa L. cv. Nangeng 9108”
e1“coastal saline area”
e2“Increased nitrogen application rate significantly improved the grain processing quality and nutritional quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen application rate reduced appearance quality and cooking/eating quality.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Nangeng 9108e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee2
- Outcome
- appearance quality and cooking/eating qualitye3
- Direction
- reducinge3
- Setting
- coastal saline areae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oryza sativa L. cv. Nangeng 9108”
e1“coastal saline area”
e2“Increased nitrogen application rate”
e3“while reducing the appearance quality and cooking/eating quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher transplant density was conducive to grain nutritional quality.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Nangeng 9108e0
- Treatment
- Higher transplant densitye2
- Outcome
- grain nutritional qualitye2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Setting
- coastal saline areae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oryza sativa L. cv. Nangeng 9108”
e1“coastal saline area”
e2“Higher transplant density was conductive to grain nutritional quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher transplant density notably reduced processing quality, appearance quality and cooking/eating quality.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Material
- Nangeng 9108e0
- Treatment
- Higher transplant densitye2
- Outcome
- processing quality, appearance quality and cooking/eating qualitye3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Setting
- coastal saline areae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oryza sativa L. cv. Nangeng 9108”
e1“coastal saline area”
e2“Higher transplant density”
e3“notably reduced the processing quality, appearance quality and cooking/eating quality”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 300 kg ha-1 nitrogen with 334,000 hills ha-1 planting density for relatively higher rice yield and better grain quality in the saline area.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- combination of 300 kg ha−1 nitrogen rate and 334,000 hills ha−1 planting densitye0
- Outcome
- relatively higher rice yield and better grain qualitye0
- Setting
- saline areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a combination of 300 kg ha−1 nitrogen rate and 334,000 hills ha−1 planting density was recommended for relatively higher rice yield and better grain quality in the saline area”
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