Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ensuring high yield and improved grain quality is crucial for stabilizing rice production and guaranteeing food security. The present study aimed to investigate whether controlled irrigation and increased planting density within a nitrogen-reduced system can synergistically enhance grain yield and quality to secure food supply. The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices: traditional high-yield cultivation (CK), mono reduced nitrogen rate (MN), reduced nitrogen rate with increased planting density (DN), and DN combined with alternative wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation (CDN). RESULTS: The findings indicated that the nitrogen-reduced systems resulted in a grain yield reduction of 0.64-6.08% but enhanced cooked rice taste and comprehensive by 8.37-27.66% and 4.15-8.71%, respectively, compared to CK. The grain yield of hybrid indica rice in nitrogen-reduced systems exhibited the following order: CK > CDN > DN > MN. Conversely, the taste of cooked rice indicated a preference ranking of CDN > MN > DN > CK. In comparison with CK, the CDN treatment slightly decreased grain yield but significantly improved the milled rice rate, head milled rice rate, cooked rice taste quality (including taste, appearance and comprehensive) and rice starch viscosity parameters (peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown), at the same time as reducing the chalkiness rate, chalkiness degree, protein content and setback. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that implementing a moderate reduction in nitrogen rate, within the context of high-yield cultivation, can enhance the taste quality of rice, albeit with a reduction in yield. Although increased planting density may partially offset the adverse effects on rice yield following nitrogen reduction, it could potentially compromise rice quality. However, the integration of controlled irrigation and increased planting density within a nitrogen-reduced system can synergistically enhance rice processing quality, appearance quality and the cooked rice taste quality, at the same time as sustaining high grain yield. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-reduced systems reduced grain yield by 0.64-6.08% relative to CK.
- Taxon
- hybrid indica rice
Oryza sativa Indica Groupe0 - Material
- Jingliangyou534e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen-reduced systemse1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 0.64-6.08%e1
- Comparator
- CKe2
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices”
e1“the nitrogen-reduced systems resulted in a grain yield reduction of 0.64-6.08%”
e2“enhanced cooked rice taste and comprehensive by 8.37-27.66% and 4.15-8.71%, respectively, compared to CK”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-reduced systems enhanced cooked rice taste by 8.37-27.66% relative to CK.
- Taxon
- hybrid indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe0
- Material
- Jingliangyou534e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen-reduced systemse1
- Outcome
- cooked rice tastee2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 8.37-27.66%e2
- Comparator
- CKe2
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices”
e1“the nitrogen-reduced systems resulted in a grain yield reduction of 0.64-6.08%”
e2“enhanced cooked rice taste and comprehensive by 8.37-27.66% and 4.15-8.71%, respectively, compared to CK”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-reduced systems enhanced comprehensive cooked rice taste by 4.15-8.71% relative to CK.
- Taxon
- hybrid indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe0
- Material
- Jingliangyou534e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen-reduced systemse1
- Outcome
- comprehensivee2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 4.15-8.71%e2
- Comparator
- CKe2
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices”
e1“the nitrogen-reduced systems resulted in a grain yield reduction of 0.64-6.08%”
e2“enhanced cooked rice taste and comprehensive by 8.37-27.66% and 4.15-8.71%, respectively, compared to CK”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield in the nitrogen-reduced systems followed the order CK > CDN > DN > MN.
- Taxon
- hybrid indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe0
- Material
- Jingliangyou534e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen-reduced systemse3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- CK > CDN > DN > MNe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices”
e3“The grain yield of hybrid indica rice in nitrogen-reduced systems exhibited the following order: CK > CDN > DN > MN”
Claim · model-written summary
Cooked rice taste ranked CDN > MN > DN > CK in preference.
- Taxon
- hybrid indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe0
- Outcome
- taste of cooked ricee4
- Qualifier
- preference ranking of CDN > MN > DN > CKe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices”
e4“the taste of cooked rice indicated a preference ranking of CDN > MN > DN > CK”
Claim · model-written summary
The CDN treatment slightly decreased grain yield relative to CK.
- Taxon
- hybrid indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe0
- Material
- Jingliangyou534e0
- Treatment
- CDN treatmente5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- slightly decreasede5
- Comparator
- CKe5
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices”
e5“In comparison with CK, the CDN treatment slightly decreased grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The CDN treatment significantly improved milled rice rate and head milled rice rate relative to CK.
- Taxon
- hybrid indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe0
- Treatment
- CDN treatmente5
- Outcome
- milled rice rate, head milled rice ratee6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- CKe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices”
e5“In comparison with CK, the CDN treatment slightly decreased grain yield”
e6“significantly improved the milled rice rate, head milled rice rate, cooked rice taste quality (including taste, appearance and comprehensive) and rice starch viscosity parameters (peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown)”
Claim · model-written summary
The CDN treatment significantly improved cooked rice taste quality (taste, appearance and comprehensive) relative to CK.
- Taxon
- hybrid indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe0
- Treatment
- CDN treatmente5
- Outcome
- cooked rice taste quality (including taste, appearance and comprehensive)e6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- CKe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices”
e5“In comparison with CK, the CDN treatment slightly decreased grain yield”
e6“significantly improved the milled rice rate, head milled rice rate, cooked rice taste quality (including taste, appearance and comprehensive) and rice starch viscosity parameters (peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown)”
Claim · model-written summary
The CDN treatment significantly improved peak, trough and final viscosity of rice starch relative to CK.
- Taxon
- hybrid indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe0
- Treatment
- CDN treatmente5
- Outcome
- peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscositye6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- CKe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices”
e5“In comparison with CK, the CDN treatment slightly decreased grain yield”
e6“significantly improved the milled rice rate, head milled rice rate, cooked rice taste quality (including taste, appearance and comprehensive) and rice starch viscosity parameters (peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown)”
Claim · model-written summary
The CDN treatment significantly improved rice starch breakdown relative to CK.
- Taxon
- hybrid indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe0
- Treatment
- CDN treatmente5
- Outcome
- breakdowne6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- CKe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices”
e5“In comparison with CK, the CDN treatment slightly decreased grain yield”
e6“significantly improved the milled rice rate, head milled rice rate, cooked rice taste quality (including taste, appearance and comprehensive) and rice starch viscosity parameters (peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown)”
Claim · model-written summary
The CDN treatment reduced chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree of rice relative to CK.
- Taxon
- hybrid indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe0
- Treatment
- CDN treatmente5
- Outcome
- chalkiness rate, chalkiness degreee7
- Direction
- reducinge7
- Comparator
- CKe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices”
e5“In comparison with CK, the CDN treatment slightly decreased grain yield”
e7“reducing the chalkiness rate, chalkiness degree, protein content and setback”
Claim · model-written summary
The CDN treatment reduced protein content and setback of rice relative to CK.
- Taxon
- hybrid indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe0
- Treatment
- CDN treatmente5
- Outcome
- protein content and setbacke7
- Direction
- reducinge7
- Comparator
- CKe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices”
e5“In comparison with CK, the CDN treatment slightly decreased grain yield”
e7“reducing the chalkiness rate, chalkiness degree, protein content and setback”
Claim · model-written summary
Implementing a moderate reduction in nitrogen rate within high-yield cultivation can enhance the taste quality of rice, with a yield reduction.
- Taxon
- hybrid indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe0
- Outcome
- taste quality of ricee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices”
e1“implementing a moderate reduction in nitrogen rate, within the context of high-yield cultivation, can enhance the taste quality of rice, albeit with a reduction in yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled irrigation with increased planting density within a nitrogen-reduced system can synergistically enhance rice processing, appearance and cooked taste quality while sustaining high grain yield.
- Taxon
- hybrid indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe0
- Treatment
- the integration of controlled irrigation and increased planting density within a nitrogen-reduced systeme1
- Outcome
- rice processing quality, appearance quality and the cooked rice taste qualitye1
- Direction
- enhancee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid indica rice variety Jingliangyou534 was cultivated in the field using four management practices”
e1“the integration of controlled irrigation and increased planting density within a nitrogen-reduced system can synergistically enhance rice processing quality, appearance quality and the cooked rice taste quality”
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