Abstract
Introduction: Imbalanced N-K ratios reduce nutrient uptake efficiency while increasing lodging susceptibility, thereby destabilizing yield potential. Optimizing N-K ratios is therefore crucial for improving nutrient efficiency, lodging resistance, and yield potential. Methods: ¹ for N and K to investigate N-K interactions on rice growth and nutrient utilization. Results: N-K interactions significantly affected dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake, lodging resistance, and yield. Split potassium application (K2) increased grain yield by 3.06% compared with basal-only application (K1), by increasing productive panicles, spikelets per panicle, total spikelets, and seed-setting rate. K2 enhanced post-heading dry matter translocation and improved N-K uptake, elevating panicle N and K accumulation by 5.01% and 13.70%, respectively. K2 also significantly improved lodging resistance. Under K2, the N3 treatment further increased yield by enhancing the number of effective panicles, grains per panicle, and total spikelets, with average yield increases of 12.17% and 4.77% compared with N1 and N2, respectively. Post-heading dry matter accumulation, remobilization ratio, and contribution rate in N3 were higher than in N1 and N2, with two-year average increases of 25.54%, 5.37%, and 7.42% compared with N1, and 12.68%, 2.76%, and 2.57% compared with N2. N3 also promoted the translocation of N and K. Compared with N1 and N2, N3 increased whole-plant N translocation and N transferred to the panicle by 38.09% and 27.45%, and by 14.53% and 12.45%, respectively; whole-plant K translocation and K transferred to the panicle increased by 11.46% and 28.26%, and by 13.35% and 18.35%, respectively. Additionally, N3 improved lodging resistance by thickening internodes and stem-sheath walls. The lodging index was significantly negatively correlated with N and K accumulation in stem-sheaths. Discussion: Overall, the K2N3 combination enhances post-heading assimilate allocation and nutrient translocation in machine-transplanted rice, strengthens stem mechanical properties, optimizes panicle traits, and ultimately achieves stable and high yields.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
N-K interactions significantly affected dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake, lodging resistance and yield.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- N-K interactionse0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake, lodging resistance, and yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“N-K interactions significantly affected dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake, lodging resistance, and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Split potassium increased grain yield by 3.06% versus basal-only application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Split potassium application (K2)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.06%e0
- Comparator
- basal-only application (K1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Split potassium application (K2) increased grain yield by 3.06% compared with basal-only application (K1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Split potassium increased productive panicles, spikelets per panicle, total spikelets and seed setting rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Split potassium application (K2)e1
- Outcome
- productive panicles, spikelets per panicle, total spikelets, and seed-setting ratee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- basal-only application (K1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“by increasing productive panicles, spikelets per panicle, total spikelets, and seed-setting rate”
e1“Split potassium application (K2) increased grain yield by 3.06% compared with basal-only application (K1)”
Claim · model-written summary
K2 enhanced post-heading dry matter translocation and N-K uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- K2e0
- Outcome
- post-heading dry matter translocation and improved N-K uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“K2 enhanced post-heading dry matter translocation and improved N-K uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
K2 raised panicle nitrogen accumulation by 5.01%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“elevating panicle N and K accumulation by 5.01% and 13.70%, respectively”
e1“K2 enhanced post-heading dry matter translocation”
Claim · model-written summary
K2 raised panicle potassium accumulation by 13.70%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- K2e1
- Outcome
- panicle N and K accumulatione0
- Direction
- elevatinge0
- Value
- 13.70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“elevating panicle N and K accumulation by 5.01% and 13.70%, respectively”
e1“K2 enhanced post-heading dry matter translocation”
Claim · model-written summary
K2 significantly improved lodging resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- K2e0
- Outcome
- lodging resistancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“K2 also significantly improved lodging resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Under K2, N3 increased yield by 12.17% versus N1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.17%e0
- Qualifier
- Under K2e0
- Comparator
- N1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Under K2, the N3 treatment further increased yield by enhancing the number of effective panicles, grains per panicle, and total spikelets, with average yield increases of 12.17% and 4.77% compared with N1 and N2, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under K2, N3 increased yield by 4.77% versus N2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.77%e0
- Qualifier
- Under K2e0
- Comparator
- N2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Under K2, the N3 treatment further increased yield by enhancing the number of effective panicles, grains per panicle, and total spikelets, with average yield increases of 12.17% and 4.77% compared with N1 and N2, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 increased effective panicles, grains per panicle and total spikelets.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- number of effective panicles, grains per panicle, and total spikeletse0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“N3 treatment further increased yield by enhancing the number of effective panicles, grains per panicle, and total spikelets”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 increased post-heading dry matter accumulation by 25.54% versus N1 and 12.68% versus N2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N3e0
- Outcome
- Post-heading dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 25.54%e0
- Comparator
- N1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Post-heading dry matter accumulation, remobilization ratio, and contribution rate in N3 were higher than in N1 and N2, with two-year average increases of 25.54%, 5.37%, and 7.42% compared with N1, and 12.68%, 2.76%, and 2.57% compared with N2”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 increased remobilization ratio by 5.37% versus N1 and 2.76% versus N2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N3e0
- Outcome
- remobilization ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.37%e0
- Comparator
- N1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Post-heading dry matter accumulation, remobilization ratio, and contribution rate in N3 were higher than in N1 and N2, with two-year average increases of 25.54%, 5.37%, and 7.42% compared with N1, and 12.68%, 2.76%, and 2.57% compared with N2”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 increased post-heading contribution rate by 7.42% versus N1 and 2.57% versus N2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N3e0
- Outcome
- contribution ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7.42%e0
- Comparator
- N1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Post-heading dry matter accumulation, remobilization ratio, and contribution rate in N3 were higher than in N1 and N2, with two-year average increases of 25.54%, 5.37%, and 7.42% compared with N1, and 12.68%, 2.76%, and 2.57% compared with N2”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 increased whole plant nitrogen translocation by 38.09% versus N1 and 14.53% versus N2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N3e0
- Outcome
- whole-plant N translocatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 38.09%e0
- Comparator
- N1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Compared with N1 and N2, N3 increased whole-plant N translocation and N transferred to the panicle by 38.09% and 27.45%, and by 14.53% and 12.45%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 increased nitrogen transferred to the panicle by 27.45% versus N1 and 12.45% versus N2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N3e0
- Outcome
- N transferred to the paniclee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27.45%e0
- Comparator
- N1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Compared with N1 and N2, N3 increased whole-plant N translocation and N transferred to the panicle by 38.09% and 27.45%, and by 14.53% and 12.45%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 increased whole plant potassium translocation by 11.46% versus N1 and 13.35% versus N2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N3e1
- Outcome
- whole-plant K translocatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.46%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“whole-plant K translocation and K transferred to the panicle increased by 11.46% and 28.26%, and by 13.35% and 18.35%, respectively”
e1“Compared with N1 and N2, N3 increased”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 increased potassium transferred to panicles by 28.26% versus N1 and 18.35% versus N2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N3e1
- Outcome
- K transferred to the paniclee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28.26%e0
- Comparator
- N1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“whole-plant K translocation and K transferred to the panicle increased by 11.46% and 28.26%, and by 13.35% and 18.35%, respectively”
e1“Compared with N1 and N2, N3 increased”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 improved lodging resistance by thickening internodes and stem-sheath walls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- internodes and stem-sheath wallse0
- Treatment
- N3e0
- Outcome
- lodging resistancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“N3 improved lodging resistance by thickening internodes and stem-sheath walls”
Claim · model-written summary
Lodging index was significantly negatively correlated with stem sheath nitrogen and potassium accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- stem-sheathse0
- Outcome
- lodging indexe0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The lodging index was significantly negatively correlated with N and K accumulation in stem-sheaths”
The same questions in other papers
potassium · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
343 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
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