Abstract
Improving nutrient use efficiency and system productivity with a positive nutrient balance in rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is vital for long-term food security. Two-year field trials were conducted with the objective of computing the effect of different rates, time, method, and source of potassium (K) fertilization on nutrient recovery efficiency, nutrient balance, and system productivity in a dry direct-seeded RWCS with eight treatments. The two-split (half basal and half at panicle initiation) application of 60 kg K2O/ha resulted in 37.5% and 19.2% increase in recovery efficiency of K in rice and wheat, respectively over basal application of 60 kg K2O/ha. Besides, the split-application of K increased the nitrogen recovery efficiency in rice and wheat by 11.2% and 10.8%, respectively. Similarly, the phosphorus recovery efficiency was increased by 3.6% and 7.4% in rice and wheat, respectively. The split application of 60 kg K2O/ha also increased the K harvest index (% of the total K absorbed is transferred to grain) by 0.7% and 2.7% in rice and wheat, respectively over applying entire K at basal. Similarly, the system productivity (11.26 t/ha) was increased by 8% over applying entire K at basal. In the absence of top-dressing of K (30 kg/ha), two foliar-sprays of 2.5% K provide equal benefits of top dressing. Application of 90 kg K2O/ha lowered the K negative balance (−99 kg/ha/year) considerably compared to two-split application of 60 kg K2O/ha (−152.5 kg/ha/year). Thus, optimization of K fertilization in RWCS will increase the system productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and sustainability.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Two-split K application (60 kg K2O/ha) increased K recovery efficiency in rice by 37.5% over basal application.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- two-split (half basal and half at panicle initiation) application of 60 kg K2O/hae0
- Outcome
- recovery efficiency of Ke0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 37.5%e0
- Comparator
- basal application of 60 kg K2O/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two-split (half basal and half at panicle initiation) application of 60 kg K2O/ha resulted in 37.5% and 19.2% increase in recovery efficiency of K in rice and wheat, respectively over basal application of 60 kg K2O/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Two-split K application (60 kg K2O/ha) increased K recovery efficiency in wheat by 19.2% over basal application.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- two-split (half basal and half at panicle initiation) application of 60 kg K2O/hae0
- Outcome
- recovery efficiency of Ke0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 19.2%e0
- Comparator
- basal application of 60 kg K2O/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two-split (half basal and half at panicle initiation) application of 60 kg K2O/ha resulted in 37.5% and 19.2% increase in recovery efficiency of K in rice and wheat, respectively over basal application of 60 kg K2O/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Split application of K increased nitrogen recovery efficiency in rice by 11.2%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- split-application of Ke0
- Outcome
- nitrogen recovery efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the split-application of K increased the nitrogen recovery efficiency in rice and wheat by 11.2% and 10.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Split application of K increased nitrogen recovery efficiency in wheat by 10.8%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- split-application of Ke0
- Outcome
- nitrogen recovery efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the split-application of K increased the nitrogen recovery efficiency in rice and wheat by 11.2% and 10.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus recovery efficiency in rice was increased by 3.6% under split K application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- split-application of Ke0
- Outcome
- phosphorus recovery efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 3.6%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the split-application of K increased the nitrogen recovery efficiency in rice and wheat by 11.2% and 10.8%, respectively”
e1“the phosphorus recovery efficiency was increased by 3.6% and 7.4% in rice and wheat, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus recovery efficiency in wheat was increased by 7.4% under split K application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- split-application of Ke0
- Outcome
- phosphorus recovery efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 7.4%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the split-application of K increased the nitrogen recovery efficiency in rice and wheat by 11.2% and 10.8%, respectively”
e1“the phosphorus recovery efficiency was increased by 3.6% and 7.4% in rice and wheat, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Split application of 60 kg K2O/ha increased the K harvest index in rice by 0.7% over applying entire K at basal.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- split application of 60 kg K2O/hae0
- Outcome
- K harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.7%e0
- Comparator
- applying entire K at basale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The split application of 60 kg K2O/ha also increased the K harvest index (% of the total K absorbed is transferred to grain) by 0.7% and 2.7% in rice and wheat, respectively over applying entire K at basal”
Claim · model-written summary
Split application of 60 kg K2O/ha increased the K harvest index in wheat by 2.7% over applying entire K at basal.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- split application of 60 kg K2O/hae0
- Outcome
- K harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.7%e0
- Comparator
- applying entire K at basale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The split application of 60 kg K2O/ha also increased the K harvest index (% of the total K absorbed is transferred to grain) by 0.7% and 2.7% in rice and wheat, respectively over applying entire K at basal”
Claim · model-written summary
Split application of 60 kg K2O/ha increased system productivity (11.26 t/ha) by 8% over applying entire K at basal.
Verbatim
t0“rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e0“The split application of 60 kg K2O/ha”
e1“the system productivity (11.26 t/ha) was increased by 8% over applying entire K at basal”
Claim · model-written summary
Where top-dressing of K (30 kg/ha) is omitted, two foliar sprays of 2.5% K give benefits equal to top dressing.
Verbatim
t0“rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e0“In the absence of top-dressing of K (30 kg/ha), two foliar-sprays of 2.5% K provide equal benefits of top dressing”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 90 kg K2O/ha lowered the K negative balance (-99 kg/ha/year) compared with two-split application of 60 kg K2O/ha (-152.5 kg/ha/year).
- Taxon
- rice-wheat cropping systemt0
- Treatment
- Application of 90 kg K2O/hae0
- Outcome
- K negative balancee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e0“Application of 90 kg K2O/ha lowered the K negative balance”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that optimizing K fertilization in the rice-wheat system will increase system productivity, nutrient use efficiency and sustainability.
Verbatim
t0“rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e0“optimization of K fertilization in RWCS will increase the system productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and sustainability”
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See all 383 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.