Abstract
Continuous watermelon cropping leads to increases in soil-borne diseases, which negatively affect plant growth. We investigated the impact of continuous watermelon cropping on soil biochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial biomass, occurrence of Fusarium wilt, diversity and structure of bacterial and fungal communities, as well as the relationship among these factors with plant growth. The results showed significant decreases in soil pH, OM, AN, AP, and AK contents ( p < 0.05), while UA, APA, and DA were reduced, along with declines in MBC and MBN in the rhizosphere soil of continuous watermelon cropping ( p < 0.05). The population of FON and Fusarium wilt incidence increased significantly after continuous cropping ( p < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the richness and diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities significantly decreased ( p < 0.05). There were significant differences in bacterial and fungal community composition between the continuous cropping and control groups. Besides, the Pearson correlation analysis of plant growth and environmental factors revealed that soil parameters, including pH, SOM, AN, AP, UA, APA, DA, MBC, and the richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities all had significant effects on plant growth. Additionally, the incidence of Fusarium wilt and the population of FON negatively affected growth. In conclusion, we hypothesize that soil acidification, deterioration of biochemical properties, an increase in Fusarium wilt, and changes in microbial community structure are causes of poor watermelon growth.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous watermelon cropping decreased soil pH.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Treatment
- continuous watermelon croppingt0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“significant decreases in soil pH, OM, AN, AP, and AK contents ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous watermelon cropping decreased OM.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- continuous watermelon croppingt0
- Outcome
- OMe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“significant decreases in soil pH, OM, AN, AP, and AK contents ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous watermelon cropping decreased AN.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- continuous watermelon croppingt0
- Outcome
- ANe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“significant decreases in soil pH, OM, AN, AP, and AK contents ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous watermelon cropping decreased AP.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- continuous watermelon croppingt0
- Outcome
- APe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“significant decreases in soil pH, OM, AN, AP, and AK contents ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous watermelon cropping decreased AK.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- continuous watermelon croppingt0
- Outcome
- AKe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“significant decreases in soil pH, OM, AN, AP, and AK contents ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous watermelon cropping reduced rhizosphere UA.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- continuous watermelon croppingt0
- Outcome
- UAe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“UA, APA, and DA were reduced, along with declines in MBC and MBN in the rhizosphere soil of continuous watermelon cropping ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous watermelon cropping reduced rhizosphere APA.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- continuous watermelon croppingt0
- Outcome
- APAe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“UA, APA, and DA were reduced, along with declines in MBC and MBN in the rhizosphere soil of continuous watermelon cropping ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous watermelon cropping reduced rhizosphere DA.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- continuous watermelon croppingt0
- Outcome
- DAe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“UA, APA, and DA were reduced, along with declines in MBC and MBN in the rhizosphere soil of continuous watermelon cropping ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous watermelon cropping reduced rhizosphere MBC.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- continuous watermelon croppingt0
- Outcome
- MBCe0
- Direction
- declinese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“UA, APA, and DA were reduced, along with declines in MBC and MBN in the rhizosphere soil of continuous watermelon cropping ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous watermelon cropping reduced rhizosphere MBN.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- continuous watermelon croppingt0
- Outcome
- MBNe0
- Direction
- declinese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“UA, APA, and DA were reduced, along with declines in MBC and MBN in the rhizosphere soil of continuous watermelon cropping ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
FON population increased after continuous watermelon cropping.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- continuous croppinge0
- Interactor
- FONe0pathogen
- Outcome
- population of FONe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“The population of FON and Fusarium wilt incidence increased significantly after continuous cropping ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium wilt incidence increased after continuous watermelon cropping.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- continuous croppinge0
- Outcome
- Fusarium wilt incidencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“The population of FON and Fusarium wilt incidence increased significantly after continuous cropping ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous cropping decreased soil bacterial and fungal community richness.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- continuous watermelon croppingt0
- Outcome
- richnesse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“the richness and diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities significantly decreased ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous cropping decreased soil bacterial and fungal community diversity.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- continuous watermelon croppingt0
- Outcome
- diversitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“the richness and diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities significantly decreased ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial and fungal community composition differed between continuous cropping and control groups.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- continuous croppinge0
- Outcome
- bacterial and fungal community compositione0
- Comparator
- control groupse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“significant differences in bacterial and fungal community composition between the continuous cropping and control groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil parameters and bacterial and fungal community richness and diversity were significantly associated with plant growth.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Setting
- soil parameterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“soil parameters, including pH, SOM, AN, AP, UA, APA, DA, MBC, and the richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities all had significant effects on plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium wilt incidence was negatively associated with watermelon growth.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“the incidence of Fusarium wilt and the population of FON negatively affected growth”
Claim · model-written summary
FON population was negatively associated with watermelon growth.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- FONe0pathogen
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“the incidence of Fusarium wilt and the population of FON negatively affected growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesize that soil acidification, biochemical deterioration, Fusarium wilt and altered microbial communities cause poor watermelon growth.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Outcome
- poor watermelon growthe0
- Qualifier
- soil acidification, deterioration of biochemical properties, an increase in Fusarium wilt, and changes in microbial community structuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Continuous watermelon cropping”
e0“we hypothesize that soil acidification, deterioration of biochemical properties, an increase in Fusarium wilt, and changes in microbial community structure are causes of poor watermelon growth”
The same questions in other papers
rotation · pest · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
rotation · ecology: diversity · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
rotation · Fusarium · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
rotation · physiology: photosynthesis · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.