Paper · 2025 · International Journal of Environmental Sciences

Synergistic Effects Of Sodium Azide Mutagen And Nano – Potassium Fertilizer On Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola

Eman Mashaan Mohammed; Mustafa R. AL-Shaheen

16
claims
47
verbatim quotes
0
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of three concentrations of sodium azide (SA) 0%, 0.02%, 0.04% under three levels of Nano-potassium (Nano-K) fertilizer including (0, 50, 100) ppm were added as foliar application after (25, 50, and 75) days after seedling, and their interactions on some of canola growth and yield traits such as plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content, 1000-seeds weight, oil yield, and seed yield. All treatments were distributed as a factorial experiment using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates at P ≤ 0.05. The statistical analysis revealed that significant effects have been observed on all measured traits except chlorophyll content. Results showed that 0.04% of (SA) gave the highest plant height of (155.13) cm, leaf area of (3190.66) cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.414) g, oil yield of (556.26) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1167.9) Kg/ha compared to control treatments which recorded (145.08)cm, (2536)cm2, (2.353)g, (427.34)Kg/ha, and (938.4)Kg/ha respectively. Furthermore, 100 ppm of Nano-K fertilizer gave the highest plant height of (153.47) cm, leaf area of (3137.9)cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.407)g, oil yield of (531.87) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1185.7) Kg/ha in compared with the control treatments. The interaction between (0.04% SA + 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer) was superior in most of the traits studied and recorded highest plant height of (157.58) cm, leaf area of (3515.9)cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.450)g, oil yield of (589.77) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1375.4) Kg/ha over than all treatments in addition to the control.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

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Claims 16

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

0.04% sodium azide (SA) increased canola plant height to (155.13) cm compared with control.

Treatment
0.04% of (SA)e1
Outcome
plant heighte1
Direction
higheste1
Value
(155.13) cme1
Qualifier
(145.08)cme2
Comparator
control treatmentse2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“Results showed that 0.04% of (SA) gave the highest plant height of (155.13) cm, leaf area of (3190.66) cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.414) g, oil yield of (556.26) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1167.9) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–907 · show in text ↑
e2

“compared to control treatments which recorded (145.08)cm, (2536)cm2, (2.353)g, (427.34)Kg/ha, and (938.4)Kg/ha respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 908–1031 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

0.04% sodium azide (SA) increased canola leaf area to (3190.66) cm2 compared with control.

Treatment
0.04% of (SA)e1
Outcome
leaf areae1
Direction
higheste1
Value
(3190.66) cm2e1
Qualifier
(2536)cm2e2
Comparator
control treatmentse2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“Results showed that 0.04% of (SA) gave the highest plant height of (155.13) cm, leaf area of (3190.66) cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.414) g, oil yield of (556.26) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1167.9) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–907 · show in text ↑
e2

“compared to control treatments which recorded (145.08)cm, (2536)cm2, (2.353)g, (427.34)Kg/ha, and (938.4)Kg/ha respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 908–1031 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

0.04% sodium azide (SA) increased canola 1000-seed weight to (2.414) g compared with control.

Treatment
0.04% of (SA)e1
Outcome
1000-seed weighte1
Direction
higheste1
Value
(2.414) ge1
Qualifier
(2.353)ge2
Comparator
control treatmentse2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“Results showed that 0.04% of (SA) gave the highest plant height of (155.13) cm, leaf area of (3190.66) cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.414) g, oil yield of (556.26) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1167.9) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–907 · show in text ↑
e2

“compared to control treatments which recorded (145.08)cm, (2536)cm2, (2.353)g, (427.34)Kg/ha, and (938.4)Kg/ha respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 908–1031 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

0.04% sodium azide (SA) increased canola oil yield to (556.26) Kg/ha compared with control.

Treatment
0.04% of (SA)e1
Outcome
oil yielde1
Direction
higheste1
Value
(556.26) Kg/hae1
Qualifier
(427.34)Kg/hae2
Comparator
control treatmentse2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“Results showed that 0.04% of (SA) gave the highest plant height of (155.13) cm, leaf area of (3190.66) cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.414) g, oil yield of (556.26) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1167.9) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–907 · show in text ↑
e2

“compared to control treatments which recorded (145.08)cm, (2536)cm2, (2.353)g, (427.34)Kg/ha, and (938.4)Kg/ha respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 908–1031 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

0.04% sodium azide (SA) increased canola seed yield to (1167.9) Kg/ha compared with control.

Treatment
0.04% of (SA)e1
Outcome
seed yielde1
Direction
higheste1
Value
(1167.9) Kg/hae1
Qualifier
(938.4)Kg/hae2
Comparator
control treatmentse2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“Results showed that 0.04% of (SA) gave the highest plant height of (155.13) cm, leaf area of (3190.66) cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.414) g, oil yield of (556.26) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1167.9) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–907 · show in text ↑
e2

“compared to control treatments which recorded (145.08)cm, (2536)cm2, (2.353)g, (427.34)Kg/ha, and (938.4)Kg/ha respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 908–1031 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer increased canola plant height to (153.47) cm compared with control.

Treatment
100 ppm of Nano-K fertilizere3
Outcome
plant heighte3
Direction
higheste3
Value
(153.47) cme3
Comparator
control treatmentse4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e3

“Furthermore, 100 ppm of Nano-K fertilizer gave the highest plant height of (153.47) cm, leaf area of (3137.9)cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.407)g, oil yield of (531.87) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1185.7) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1033–1238 · show in text ↑
e4

“in compared with the control treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1239–1278 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer increased canola leaf area to (3137.9)cm2 compared with control.

Treatment
100 ppm of Nano-K fertilizere3
Outcome
leaf areae3
Direction
higheste3
Value
(3137.9)cm2e3
Comparator
control treatmentse4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e3

“Furthermore, 100 ppm of Nano-K fertilizer gave the highest plant height of (153.47) cm, leaf area of (3137.9)cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.407)g, oil yield of (531.87) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1185.7) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1033–1238 · show in text ↑
e4

“in compared with the control treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1239–1278 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer increased canola 1000-seed weight to (2.407)g compared with control.

Treatment
100 ppm of Nano-K fertilizere3
Outcome
1000-seed weighte3
Direction
higheste3
Value
(2.407)ge3
Comparator
control treatmentse4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e3

“Furthermore, 100 ppm of Nano-K fertilizer gave the highest plant height of (153.47) cm, leaf area of (3137.9)cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.407)g, oil yield of (531.87) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1185.7) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1033–1238 · show in text ↑
e4

“in compared with the control treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1239–1278 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer increased canola oil yield to (531.87) Kg/ha compared with control.

Treatment
100 ppm of Nano-K fertilizere3
Outcome
oil yielde3
Direction
higheste3
Value
(531.87) Kg/hae3
Comparator
control treatmentse4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e3

“Furthermore, 100 ppm of Nano-K fertilizer gave the highest plant height of (153.47) cm, leaf area of (3137.9)cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.407)g, oil yield of (531.87) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1185.7) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1033–1238 · show in text ↑
e4

“in compared with the control treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1239–1278 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer increased canola seed yield to (1185.7) Kg/ha compared with control.

Treatment
100 ppm of Nano-K fertilizere3
Outcome
seed yielde3
Direction
higheste3
Value
(1185.7) Kg/hae3
Comparator
control treatmentse4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e3

“Furthermore, 100 ppm of Nano-K fertilizer gave the highest plant height of (153.47) cm, leaf area of (3137.9)cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.407)g, oil yield of (531.87) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1185.7) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1033–1238 · show in text ↑
e4

“in compared with the control treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1239–1278 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combination of 0.04% SA and 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer increased canola plant height to (157.58) cm.

Treatment
0.04% SA + 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizere5
Outcome
plant heighte5
Direction
higheste5
Value
(157.58) cme5
Comparator
all treatments in addition to the controle6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e5

“The interaction between (0.04% SA + 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer) was superior in most of the traits studied and recorded highest plant height of (157.58) cm, leaf area of (3515.9)cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.450)g, oil yield of (589.77) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1375.4) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1280–1553 · show in text ↑
e6

“over than all treatments in addition to the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1554–1605 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combination of 0.04% SA and 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer increased canola leaf area to (3515.9)cm2.

Treatment
0.04% SA + 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizere5
Outcome
leaf areae5
Direction
higheste5
Value
(3515.9)cm2e5
Comparator
all treatments in addition to the controle6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e5

“The interaction between (0.04% SA + 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer) was superior in most of the traits studied and recorded highest plant height of (157.58) cm, leaf area of (3515.9)cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.450)g, oil yield of (589.77) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1375.4) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1280–1553 · show in text ↑
e6

“over than all treatments in addition to the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1554–1605 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combination of 0.04% SA and 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer increased canola 1000-seed weight to (2.450)g.

Treatment
0.04% SA + 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizere5
Outcome
1000-seed weighte5
Direction
higheste5
Value
(2.450)ge5
Comparator
all treatments in addition to the controle6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e5

“The interaction between (0.04% SA + 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer) was superior in most of the traits studied and recorded highest plant height of (157.58) cm, leaf area of (3515.9)cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.450)g, oil yield of (589.77) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1375.4) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1280–1553 · show in text ↑
e6

“over than all treatments in addition to the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1554–1605 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combination of 0.04% SA and 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer increased canola oil yield to (589.77) Kg/ha.

Treatment
0.04% SA + 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizere5
Outcome
oil yielde5
Direction
higheste5
Value
(589.77) Kg/hae5
Comparator
all treatments in addition to the controle6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e5

“The interaction between (0.04% SA + 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer) was superior in most of the traits studied and recorded highest plant height of (157.58) cm, leaf area of (3515.9)cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.450)g, oil yield of (589.77) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1375.4) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1280–1553 · show in text ↑
e6

“over than all treatments in addition to the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1554–1605 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combination of 0.04% SA and 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer increased canola seed yield to (1375.4) Kg/ha.

Treatment
0.04% SA + 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizere5
Outcome
seed yielde5
Direction
higheste5
Value
(1375.4) Kg/hae5
Comparator
all treatments in addition to the controle6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e5

“The interaction between (0.04% SA + 100 ppm Nano-K fertilizer) was superior in most of the traits studied and recorded highest plant height of (157.58) cm, leaf area of (3515.9)cm2, 1000-seed weight of (2.450)g, oil yield of (589.77) Kg/ha, and seed yield of (1375.4) Kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1280–1553 · show in text ↑
e6

“over than all treatments in addition to the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1554–1605 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Significant effects were observed on all measured canola traits except chlorophyll content.

Outcome
measured traitse7
Qualifier
except chlorophyll contente7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica napus var. napus
Brassica napus var. napus · Taxoncontri from Yonezawa-Shi, Yamagata, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Growth And Yield Traits Of Canola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–112 · show in text ↑
e7

“The statistical analysis revealed that significant effects have been observed on all measured traits except chlorophyll content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 578–705 · show in text ↑

salicylic acid · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

12 papers: 11 positive, 1 negative or no effect

10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

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salicylic acid · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

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  1. negative
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salicylic acid · quality: oil · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

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fertilization · quality: oil · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results differ

63 papers: 42 positive, 21 negative or no effect

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  2. no effect
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nanoparticle · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

20 papers: 19 positive, 1 negative or no effect

18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
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nanoparticle · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

28 papers: 26 positive, 2 negative or no effect

25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

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fertilization · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

106 papers: 89 positive, 17 negative or no effect

88 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
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fertilization · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

378 papers: 337 positive, 41 negative or no effect

336 papers in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.