Abstract
With rising living standards, consumers' demand for color diversity and nutritional quality in tomato products has increased. Flavonoids are a key determinant of peel color and nutritional value in tomato fruit, where their biosynthesis is controlled by various phytohormones, including brassinosteroids (BRs). However, the underlying mechanism by which BR regulates flavonoid biosynthesis remains unclear. Here, we show that exogenous BRs suppress flavonoid accumulation, whereas reduced endogenous BR levels in RNAi lines of SlCYP90B3, a rate-limiting BR biosynthetic gene, result in increased flavonoid content in the fruit peel. We further demonstrate that BRI1-EMS-suppressor1 (SlBES1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor essential for BR signaling, not only regulates fruit firmness but also represses flavonoid accumulation by directly binding to the promoters of the flavonoid biosynthetic genes SlCHS1, SlCHS2, and SlF3'H. Additionally, SlBES1 modulates a hierarchical transcriptional cascade by repressing the expression of SlMYB12, further suppressing flavonoid biosynthesis. Moreover, the homologous transcription factor brassinazole-resistant1 (SlBZR1) enhances SlBES1-mediated repression of flavonoid accumulation. Specifically, SlBES1 predominantly inhibits flavonoid biosynthesis, whereas SlBZR1 primarily enhances carotenoid pathway activity. Notably, variation in SlBES1 is correlated with flavonoid content during tomato domestication. Collectively, these results highlight a novel role for SlBES1 as a negative regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis, offering potential strategies for flavonoid biofortification in tomato.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous brassinosteroids suppress flavonoid accumulation in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- exogenous BRse0
- Outcome
- flavonoid accumulatione0
- Direction
- suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we show that exogenous BRs suppress flavonoid accumulation, whereas reduced endogenous BR levels in RNAi lines of SlCYP90B3, a rate-limiting BR biosynthetic gene, result in increased flavonoid content in the fruit peel”
e1“Flavonoids are a key determinant of peel color and nutritional value in tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced endogenous BR levels in RNAi lines of SlCYP90B3 increased flavonoid content in the fruit peel.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- fruit peele0
- Treatment
- RNAi lines of SlCYP90B3e0
- Gene
- SlCYP90B3e0
- Outcome
- flavonoid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we show that exogenous BRs suppress flavonoid accumulation, whereas reduced endogenous BR levels in RNAi lines of SlCYP90B3, a rate-limiting BR biosynthetic gene, result in increased flavonoid content in the fruit peel”
e1“Flavonoids are a key determinant of peel color and nutritional value in tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
SlBES1 regulates tomato fruit firmness.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- SlBES1e2
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Flavonoids are a key determinant of peel color and nutritional value in tomato fruit”
e2“We further demonstrate that BRI1-EMS-suppressor1 (SlBES1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor essential for BR signaling, not only regulates fruit firmness but also represses flavonoid accumulation by directly binding to the promoters of the flavonoid biosynthetic genes SlCHS1, SlCHS2, and SlF3'H”
Claim · model-written summary
SlBES1 represses flavonoid accumulation by directly binding the promoters of SlCHS1, SlCHS2, and SlF3'H.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- SlCHS1, SlCHS2, and SlF3'He2
- Outcome
- flavonoid accumulatione2
- Qualifier
- directly binding to the promoterse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Flavonoids are a key determinant of peel color and nutritional value in tomato fruit”
e2“We further demonstrate that BRI1-EMS-suppressor1 (SlBES1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor essential for BR signaling, not only regulates fruit firmness but also represses flavonoid accumulation by directly binding to the promoters of the flavonoid biosynthetic genes SlCHS1, SlCHS2, and SlF3'H”
Claim · model-written summary
SlBES1 represses SlMYB12 expression, further suppressing flavonoid biosynthesis in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- SlMYB12e3
- Outcome
- flavonoid biosynthesise3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Flavonoids are a key determinant of peel color and nutritional value in tomato fruit”
e3“Additionally, SlBES1 modulates a hierarchical transcriptional cascade by repressing the expression of SlMYB12, further suppressing flavonoid biosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
SlBZR1 enhances SlBES1-mediated repression of flavonoid accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- SlBZR1e4
- Outcome
- flavonoid accumulatione4
- Qualifier
- enhances SlBES1-mediated repressione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Flavonoids are a key determinant of peel color and nutritional value in tomato fruit”
e4“Moreover, the homologous transcription factor brassinazole-resistant1 (SlBZR1) enhances SlBES1-mediated repression of flavonoid accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
SlBES1 predominantly inhibits flavonoid biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- SlBES1e5
- Outcome
- flavonoid biosynthesise5
- Qualifier
- predominantlye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Flavonoids are a key determinant of peel color and nutritional value in tomato fruit”
e5“Specifically, SlBES1 predominantly inhibits flavonoid biosynthesis, whereas SlBZR1 primarily enhances carotenoid pathway activity”
Claim · model-written summary
SlBZR1 primarily enhances carotenoid pathway activity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- SlBZR1e5
- Outcome
- carotenoid pathway activitye5
- Qualifier
- primarily enhancese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Flavonoids are a key determinant of peel color and nutritional value in tomato fruit”
e5“Specifically, SlBES1 predominantly inhibits flavonoid biosynthesis, whereas SlBZR1 primarily enhances carotenoid pathway activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Variation in SlBES1 is correlated with flavonoid content during tomato domestication.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume6
- Gene
- SlBES1e6
- Outcome
- flavonoid contente6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Notably, variation in SlBES1 is correlated with flavonoid content during tomato domestication”
The same questions in other papers
class · quality: phytochemicals · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.