Abstract
Botanical extracts have recently gained attention as bio-stimulants in vegetable production. This study examines the influence of aqueous garlic bulb extract (AGE) on the growth, nutritional composition, and antioxidant enzyme activity of four tomato varieties grown in a screen house. The experiment followed a 3 x 4 × 4 factorial layouts in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The treatment includes four tomato varieties (Premium, Royal Bold, Sayo and Akungba Local) and four different frequencies of AGE foliar spray: 0 (Control), F1 (once), F2 (twice), and F3 (three times), applied at transplanting, flowering, and fruiting stages. Data were collected on plant height, leaf area, stem girth, number of branches, green leaves at transplanting, 50% flowering and maturity, plant biomass, fruit weight, and total number of fruits per plant. The treatments positively (p < 0.05) influenced some growth parameters of AGE-treated tomato plants, such as plant height, leaf area, number of branches, and senescence leaves at 50% flowering and fruiting stages. A positive effect of AGE applied twice (F2) was observed, particularly in the Premium variety, which consistently showed greater height, increased leaf area, and more senescence leaves. Additionally, thrice foliar application (F3) across all varieties led to enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, SOD) and chlorophyll content at the fruit-setting stage. These findings suggests that AGE can serve as an effective bio-stimulant to improve tomato growth under screen house conditions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract treatments significantly increased tomato height, leaf area and branch number at flowering and fruiting.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- AGE-treatede0
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area, number of branchese0
- Direction
- positivelye0
- Qualifier
- 50% flowering and fruiting stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments positively (p < 0.05) influenced some growth parameters of AGE-treated tomato plants, such as plant height, leaf area, number of branches, and senescence leaves at 50% flowering and fruiting stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract treatments increased senescent leaves at flowering and fruiting.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- AGE-treatede0
- Outcome
- senescence leavese0
- Direction
- positivelye0
- Qualifier
- 50% flowering and fruiting stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments positively (p < 0.05) influenced some growth parameters of AGE-treated tomato plants, such as plant height, leaf area, number of branches, and senescence leaves at 50% flowering and fruiting stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-applied garlic extract gave Premium tomatoes greater height and leaf area.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- Premiume0
- Treatment
- AGE applied twice (F2)e0
- Outcome
- height, increased leaf areae0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive effect of AGE applied twice (F2) was observed, particularly in the Premium variety, which consistently showed greater height, increased leaf area, and more senescence leaves.”
e1“The treatments positively (p < 0.05) influenced some growth parameters of AGE-treated tomato plants, such as plant height, leaf area, number of branches, and senescence leaves at 50% flowering and fruiting stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-applied garlic extract gave Premium tomatoes more senescent leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- Premiume0
- Treatment
- AGE applied twice (F2)e0
- Outcome
- senescence leavese0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive effect of AGE applied twice (F2) was observed, particularly in the Premium variety, which consistently showed greater height, increased leaf area, and more senescence leaves.”
e1“The treatments positively (p < 0.05) influenced some growth parameters of AGE-treated tomato plants, such as plant height, leaf area, number of branches, and senescence leaves at 50% flowering and fruiting stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Three foliar applications enhanced superoxide dismutase activity at fruit setting across tomato varieties.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruit-setting stagee0
- Treatment
- thrice foliar application (F3)e0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, SOD)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thrice foliar application (F3) across all varieties led to enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, SOD) and chlorophyll content at the fruit-setting stage.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Three foliar applications enhanced chlorophyll content at fruit setting across tomato varieties.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruit-setting stagee0
- Treatment
- thrice foliar application (F3)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thrice foliar application (F3) across all varieties led to enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, SOD) and chlorophyll content at the fruit-setting stage.”
t0“Tomato”
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