Paper · 2025 · Journal of Aridland Agriculture

Effect of potassium foliar spraying and sheep manure application on soil nutrient availability and growth of pomegranate seedlings (Punica granatum L. var. Selimi)

Mohammad Tarkhan Abo Almakh; Ghassan Adnan Abdul Ameer; Hassan Hadi Alkarawi; et al.

8
claims
20
verbatim quotes
0
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc

Abstract

Proper management of soil nutrients is crucial for optimizing plant growth and fruit production. This study investigates the impact of potassium foliar spraying and sheep manure application on available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) levels in soil, as well as the growth performance of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. var. Selimi) seedlings. Treatments included four potassium spray levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 g/L) and four sheep manure application rates (0, 6, 12, and 18 t/ha). Results showed that foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium significantly enhanced soil nutrient availability (N: 68.40 mg/kg, P: 13.35 mg/kg, K: 22.35 mg/kg). This treatment also improved seedling growth, yielding the tallest main stem (106.60 cm), the highest number of leaves (321.73), the largest leaf area (1540.23 cm²), and the greatest chlorophyll content (43.30 SPAD). Additionally, the combination of 20 g/L potassium with 18 t/ha sheep manure resulted in the highest overall plant growth metrics. These findings suggest that integrating potassium foliar sprays with organic fertilization enhances soil nutrient availability and promotes vigorous growth in pomegranate seedlings.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium significantly enhanced soil available nitrogen to 68.40 mg/kg.

Taxon
pomegranatePunica granatume1
Material
Punica granatum L. var. Selimie1
Treatment
foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassiume0
Compound
Ne0
Outcome
soil nutrient availabilitye0
Direction
enhancede0
Value
68.40 mg/kge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Punica granatum
Punica granatum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“growth performance of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. var. Selimi) seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–358 · show in text ↑
e0

“Results showed that foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium significantly enhanced soil nutrient availability (N: 68.40 mg/kg, P: 13.35 mg/kg, K: 22.35 mg/kg)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 497–653 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium significantly enhanced soil available phosphorus to 13.35 mg/kg.

Taxon
pomegranatePunica granatume1
Material
Punica granatum L. var. Selimie1
Treatment
foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassiume0
Compound
Pe0
Outcome
soil nutrient availabilitye0
Direction
enhancede0
Value
13.35 mg/kge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Punica granatum
Punica granatum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“growth performance of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. var. Selimi) seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–358 · show in text ↑
e0

“Results showed that foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium significantly enhanced soil nutrient availability (N: 68.40 mg/kg, P: 13.35 mg/kg, K: 22.35 mg/kg)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 497–653 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium significantly enhanced soil available potassium to 22.35 mg/kg.

Taxon
pomegranatePunica granatume1
Material
Punica granatum L. var. Selimie1
Treatment
foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassiume0
Compound
Ke0
Outcome
soil nutrient availabilitye0
Direction
enhancede0
Value
22.35 mg/kge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Punica granatum
Punica granatum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“growth performance of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. var. Selimi) seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–358 · show in text ↑
e0

“Results showed that foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium significantly enhanced soil nutrient availability (N: 68.40 mg/kg, P: 13.35 mg/kg, K: 22.35 mg/kg)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 497–653 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium gave the tallest main stem (106.60 cm) of pomegranate seedlings.

Taxon
pomegranatePunica granatume1
Material
Punica granatum L. var. Selimie1
Treatment
foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassiume0
Outcome
main steme2
Direction
talleste2
Value
106.60 cme2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Punica granatum
Punica granatum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“growth performance of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. var. Selimi) seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–358 · show in text ↑
e2

“This treatment also improved seedling growth, yielding the tallest main stem (106.60 cm), the highest number of leaves (321.73), the largest leaf area (1540.23 cm²), and the greatest chlorophyll content (43.30 SPAD)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 655–870 · show in text ↑
e0

“Results showed that foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium significantly enhanced soil nutrient availability (N: 68.40 mg/kg, P: 13.35 mg/kg, K: 22.35 mg/kg)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 497–653 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium gave the highest number of leaves (321.73) on pomegranate seedlings.

Taxon
pomegranatePunica granatume1
Material
Punica granatum L. var. Selimie1
Treatment
foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassiume0
Outcome
number of leavese2
Direction
higheste2
Value
321.73e2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Punica granatum
Punica granatum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“growth performance of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. var. Selimi) seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–358 · show in text ↑
e2

“This treatment also improved seedling growth, yielding the tallest main stem (106.60 cm), the highest number of leaves (321.73), the largest leaf area (1540.23 cm²), and the greatest chlorophyll content (43.30 SPAD)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 655–870 · show in text ↑
e0

“Results showed that foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium significantly enhanced soil nutrient availability (N: 68.40 mg/kg, P: 13.35 mg/kg, K: 22.35 mg/kg)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 497–653 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium gave the largest leaf area (1540.23 cm²) on pomegranate seedlings.

Taxon
pomegranatePunica granatume1
Material
Punica granatum L. var. Selimie1
Treatment
foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassiume0
Outcome
leaf areae2
Direction
largeste2
Value
1540.23 cm²e2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Punica granatum
Punica granatum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“growth performance of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. var. Selimi) seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–358 · show in text ↑
e2

“This treatment also improved seedling growth, yielding the tallest main stem (106.60 cm), the highest number of leaves (321.73), the largest leaf area (1540.23 cm²), and the greatest chlorophyll content (43.30 SPAD)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 655–870 · show in text ↑
e0

“Results showed that foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium significantly enhanced soil nutrient availability (N: 68.40 mg/kg, P: 13.35 mg/kg, K: 22.35 mg/kg)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 497–653 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium gave the greatest chlorophyll content (43.30 SPAD) of pomegranate seedlings.

Taxon
pomegranatePunica granatume1
Material
Punica granatum L. var. Selimie1
Treatment
foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassiume0
Outcome
chlorophyll contente2
Direction
greateste2
Value
43.30 SPADe2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Punica granatum
Punica granatum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“growth performance of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. var. Selimi) seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–358 · show in text ↑
e2

“This treatment also improved seedling growth, yielding the tallest main stem (106.60 cm), the highest number of leaves (321.73), the largest leaf area (1540.23 cm²), and the greatest chlorophyll content (43.30 SPAD)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 655–870 · show in text ↑
e0

“Results showed that foliar spraying with 20 g/L potassium significantly enhanced soil nutrient availability (N: 68.40 mg/kg, P: 13.35 mg/kg, K: 22.35 mg/kg)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 497–653 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combination of 20 g/L potassium with 18 t/ha sheep manure gave the highest overall plant growth metrics.

Taxon
pomegranatePunica granatume1
Material
Punica granatum L. var. Selimie1
Treatment
the combination of 20 g/L potassium with 18 t/ha sheep manuree3
Outcome
overall plant growth metricse3
Direction
higheste3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Punica granatum
Punica granatum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“growth performance of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. var. Selimi) seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–358 · show in text ↑
e3

“the combination of 20 g/L potassium with 18 t/ha sheep manure resulted in the highest overall plant growth metrics”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 886–1000 · show in text ↑

application · nutrient: content · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Positive and negative results

13 papers: 12 positive, 1 negative or no effect

11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

9 papers more in this group

See all 13 papers →

potassium · physiology: pigments · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

potassium · nutrient: content · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

potassium · growth · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

application · physiology: pigments · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree

14 papers: 14 positive, 0 negative or no effect

13 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

10 papers more in this group

See all 14 papers →

application · growth · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree

22 papers: 22 positive, 0 negative or no effect

21 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

18 papers more in this group

See all 22 papers →

fertilization · growth · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree

27 papers: 27 positive, 0 negative or no effect

26 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

23 papers more in this group

See all 27 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.