Abstract
The experiment was conducted during the 2024 growing season on five-year-old, healthy pomegranate trees (Punica granatum L.) in a local orchard in Qaladiza, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq, to examine the effect of foliar spray with three levels of calcium (0, 2, 4 ml.l⁻¹) and three levels of potassium silicate (0, 1.5, 3 ml.l⁻¹), along with their interactions, on the growth and yield of pomegranate trees. All selected trees were sprayed three times, the first on 3/7/2024 after fruit set at 6 P.M., the second on 18/7/2024, and the third on 2/8/2024, with 15 days between each application. The study was designed as a factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that the most significant increases occurred with the highest treatment levels and the interaction of calcium and potassium silicate, especially at high concentrations (4 ml.l⁻¹ calcium and 3 ml·l⁻¹ potassium silicate). Based on the earlier findings, this study finds that the majority of the vegetative, yield, and chemical properties of pomegranates (Wonderful cv) were considerably impacted by the application of calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatments, as well as their interaction, leading to increases in chemical components, yield, and vegetative growth. These enhancements led to notable improvements in most measured parameters, including leaf nitrogen content (2.083%), calcium (0.889%), and potassium (0.990%), leaf area (7.378 cm2), leaf chlorophyll content (47.257 SPAD), fruit cracking (40.76%), Total Soluble Solid (17.100%), anthocyanin (5.706%), and peel content of nitrogen (2.030%), peel content of calcium (10.649%), and peel content of potassium (1.387%).
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The highest calcium and potassium silicate levels and their interaction produced the strongest reported increases.
- Taxon
- pomegranate trees
Punica granatumt0 - Treatment
- 4 ml.l⁻¹ calcium and 3 ml·l⁻¹ potassium silicatee0
- Outcome
- most significant increasese0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the most significant increases occurred with the highest treatment levels and the interaction of calcium and potassium silicate, especially at high concentrations (4 ml.l⁻¹ calcium and 3 ml·l⁻¹ potassium silicate)”
t0“Pomegranate Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium and potassium silicate increased leaf nitrogen content to 2.083%.
- Taxon
- pomegranatesPunica granatume0
- Treatment
- calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 2.083%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pomegranates (Wonderful cv) were considerably impacted by the application of calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatments, as well as their interaction, leading to increases in chemical components, yield, and vegetative growth. These enhancements led to notable improvements in most measured parameters, including leaf nitrogen content (2.083%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium and potassium silicate increased calcium to 0.889%.
- Taxon
- pomegranatesPunica granatume0
- Treatment
- calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatmentse0
- Outcome
- calciume0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 0.889%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pomegranates (Wonderful cv) were considerably impacted by the application of calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatments, as well as their interaction, leading to increases in chemical components, yield, and vegetative growth. These enhancements led to notable improvements in most measured parameters, including leaf nitrogen content (2.083%), calcium (0.889%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium and potassium silicate increased potassium to 0.990%.
- Taxon
- pomegranatesPunica granatume0
- Treatment
- calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatmentse0
- Outcome
- potassiume0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 0.990%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pomegranates (Wonderful cv) were considerably impacted by the application of calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatments, as well as their interaction, leading to increases in chemical components, yield, and vegetative growth. These enhancements led to notable improvements in most measured parameters, including leaf nitrogen content (2.083%), calcium (0.889%), and potassium (0.990%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium and potassium silicate increased leaf area to 7.378 cm2.
- Taxon
- pomegranatesPunica granatume0
- Treatment
- calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 7.378 cm2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pomegranates (Wonderful cv) were considerably impacted by the application of calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatments, as well as their interaction, leading to increases in chemical components, yield, and vegetative growth. These enhancements led to notable improvements in most measured parameters, including leaf nitrogen content (2.083%), calcium (0.889%), and potassium (0.990%), leaf area (7.378 cm2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium and potassium silicate increased leaf chlorophyll content to 47.257 SPAD.
- Taxon
- pomegranatesPunica granatume0
- Treatment
- calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 47.257 SPADe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pomegranates (Wonderful cv) were considerably impacted by the application of calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatments, as well as their interaction, leading to increases in chemical components, yield, and vegetative growth. These enhancements led to notable improvements in most measured parameters, including leaf nitrogen content (2.083%), calcium (0.889%), and potassium (0.990%), leaf area (7.378 cm2), leaf chlorophyll content (47.257 SPAD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium and potassium silicate increased fruit cracking to 40.76%.
- Taxon
- pomegranatesPunica granatume0
- Treatment
- calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit crackinge0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 40.76%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pomegranates (Wonderful cv) were considerably impacted by the application of calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatments, as well as their interaction, leading to increases in chemical components, yield, and vegetative growth. These enhancements led to notable improvements in most measured parameters, including leaf nitrogen content (2.083%), calcium (0.889%), and potassium (0.990%), leaf area (7.378 cm2), leaf chlorophyll content (47.257 SPAD), fruit cracking (40.76%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium and potassium silicate increased Total Soluble Solid to 17.100%.
- Taxon
- pomegranatesPunica granatume0
- Treatment
- calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Total Soluble Solide0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 17.100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pomegranates (Wonderful cv) were considerably impacted by the application of calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatments, as well as their interaction, leading to increases in chemical components, yield, and vegetative growth. These enhancements led to notable improvements in most measured parameters, including leaf nitrogen content (2.083%), calcium (0.889%), and potassium (0.990%), leaf area (7.378 cm2), leaf chlorophyll content (47.257 SPAD), fruit cracking (40.76%), Total Soluble Solid (17.100%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium and potassium silicate increased anthocyanin to 5.706%.
- Taxon
- pomegranatesPunica granatume0
- Treatment
- calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatmentse0
- Outcome
- anthocyanine0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 5.706%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pomegranates (Wonderful cv) were considerably impacted by the application of calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatments, as well as their interaction, leading to increases in chemical components, yield, and vegetative growth. These enhancements led to notable improvements in most measured parameters, including leaf nitrogen content (2.083%), calcium (0.889%), and potassium (0.990%), leaf area (7.378 cm2), leaf chlorophyll content (47.257 SPAD), fruit cracking (40.76%), Total Soluble Solid (17.100%), anthocyanin (5.706%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium and potassium silicate increased peel content of nitrogen to 2.030%.
- Taxon
- pomegranatesPunica granatume0
- Treatment
- calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatmentse0
- Outcome
- peel content of nitrogene0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 2.030%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pomegranates (Wonderful cv) were considerably impacted by the application of calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatments, as well as their interaction, leading to increases in chemical components, yield, and vegetative growth. These enhancements led to notable improvements in most measured parameters, including leaf nitrogen content (2.083%), calcium (0.889%), and potassium (0.990%), leaf area (7.378 cm2), leaf chlorophyll content (47.257 SPAD), fruit cracking (40.76%), Total Soluble Solid (17.100%), anthocyanin (5.706%), and peel content of nitrogen (2.030%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium and potassium silicate increased peel content of calcium to 10.649%.
- Taxon
- pomegranatesPunica granatume0
- Treatment
- calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatmentse0
- Outcome
- peel content of calciume0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 10.649%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pomegranates (Wonderful cv) were considerably impacted by the application of calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatments, as well as their interaction, leading to increases in chemical components, yield, and vegetative growth. These enhancements led to notable improvements in most measured parameters, including leaf nitrogen content (2.083%), calcium (0.889%), and potassium (0.990%), leaf area (7.378 cm2), leaf chlorophyll content (47.257 SPAD), fruit cracking (40.76%), Total Soluble Solid (17.100%), anthocyanin (5.706%), and peel content of nitrogen (2.030%), peel content of calcium (10.649%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium and potassium silicate increased peel content of potassium to 1.387%.
- Taxon
- pomegranatesPunica granatume0
- Treatment
- calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatmentse0
- Outcome
- peel content of potassiume0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 1.387%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pomegranates (Wonderful cv) were considerably impacted by the application of calcium and potassium silicate as foliar treatments, as well as their interaction, leading to increases in chemical components, yield, and vegetative growth. These enhancements led to notable improvements in most measured parameters, including leaf nitrogen content (2.083%), calcium (0.889%), and potassium (0.990%), leaf area (7.378 cm2), leaf chlorophyll content (47.257 SPAD), fruit cracking (40.76%), Total Soluble Solid (17.100%), anthocyanin (5.706%), and peel content of nitrogen (2.030%), peel content of calcium (10.649%), and peel content of potassium (1.387%)”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · growth · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree
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- positive
calcium atom · molecular: metabolites · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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silicate(4-) · growth · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree
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calcium atom · nutrient: content · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree
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- no effect
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See all 22 papers →potassium · physiology: pigments · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree
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application · molecular: metabolites · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree
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See all 5 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.