Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses a serious threat to rice safety and productivity. This study investigated the potential of malic acid (MA), a key metabolic organic acid, to mitigate Cd toxicity and its genotype-dependent effects on cadmium uptake and essential element homeostasis in rice. Using hydroponic experiments with multiple genotypes, we found that MA application (0.5–1.5 mmol·L−1) significantly reduced Cd accumulation in both roots and shoots, with the most effective reduction (up to 68.0%) achieved at 1.5 mmol·L−1. Notably, genotype X24 was a low-Cd accumulator, while genotypes 20, 58, and 65 were high accumulators. Beyond Cd reduction, this study reveals the profound and genotype-specific modulation of nutrient homeostasis by MA, including consistent suppression of K and enhancement of Ca across genotypes, and highly divergent responses in Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn accumulation. Furthermore, MA dramatically alleviated Cd-induced inhibition of root morphology, particularly in the high-Cd genotype 58, increasing root length and tip number by 42.8% and 57.8%, respectively. Our results provide novel insights into the genotype-dependent rebalancing of essential elements under MA amendment, highlighting the crucial role of genetic background in plant responses to organic acid treatments. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for developing MA-based foliar conditioners and genotype-specific strategies for managing Cd contamination in rice.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Malic acid application reduced root and shoot Cd accumulation, with up to 68.0% reduction at 1.5 mmol·L−1.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Treatment
- MA application (0.5–1.5 mmol·L−1)e0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- up to 68.0%e0
- Qualifier
- at 1.5 mmol·L−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MA application (0.5–1.5 mmol·L−1) significantly reduced Cd accumulation in both roots and shoots, with the most effective reduction (up to 68.0%) achieved at 1.5 mmol·L−1.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice genotype X24 was a low-Cd accumulator.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- X24e0
- Outcome
- low-Cd accumulatore0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Notably, genotype X24 was a low-Cd accumulator”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice genotype 20 was a high Cd accumulator.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 20e0
- Outcome
- high accumulatorse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotypes 20, 58, and 65 were high accumulators.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice genotype 58 was a high Cd accumulator.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 58e0
- Outcome
- high accumulatorse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotypes 20, 58, and 65 were high accumulators.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice genotype 65 was a high Cd accumulator.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 65e0
- Outcome
- high accumulatorse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotypes 20, 58, and 65 were high accumulators.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MA consistently suppressed K accumulation across rice genotypes.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotype-specific modulation of nutrient homeostasis by MA, including consistent suppression of K and enhancement of Ca across genotypes”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MA consistently enhanced Ca accumulation across rice genotypes.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotype-specific modulation of nutrient homeostasis by MA, including consistent suppression of K and enhancement of Ca across genotypes”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MA produced divergent genotype-dependent Mg, Mn and Fe accumulation responses.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MAe0
- Outcome
- Mg, Mn, Fee0
- Qualifier
- highly divergent responsese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulation of nutrient homeostasis by MA, including consistent suppression of K and enhancement of Ca across genotypes, and highly divergent responses in Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn accumulation.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MA produced divergent genotype-dependent Zn accumulation responses.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MAe0
- Outcome
- Zn accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- highly divergent responsese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulation of nutrient homeostasis by MA, including consistent suppression of K and enhancement of Ca across genotypes, and highly divergent responses in Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn accumulation.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MA alleviated Cd-induced root morphology inhibition, particularly in genotype 58.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MAe0
- Outcome
- Cd-induced inhibition of root morphologye0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Qualifier
- particularly in the high-Cd genotype 58e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MA dramatically alleviated Cd-induced inhibition of root morphology, particularly in the high-Cd genotype 58”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MA increased root length by 42.8% in high-Cd rice genotype 58.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 58e0
- Treatment
- MAe0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 42.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MA dramatically alleviated Cd-induced inhibition of root morphology, particularly in the high-Cd genotype 58, increasing root length and tip number by 42.8% and 57.8%, respectively.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MA increased root tip number by 57.8% in high-Cd rice genotype 58.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 58e0
- Treatment
- MAe0
- Outcome
- tip numbere0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 57.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MA dramatically alleviated Cd-induced inhibition of root morphology, particularly in the high-Cd genotype 58, increasing root length and tip number by 42.8% and 57.8%, respectively.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The results provide a basis for MA foliar conditioners and genotype-specific Cd management strategies in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- developing MA-based foliar conditioners and genotype-specific strategies for managing Cd contaminatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These findings provide a mechanistic basis for developing MA-based foliar conditioners and genotype-specific strategies for managing Cd contamination in rice.”
The same questions in other papers
malic acid · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →malic acid · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.