Abstract
This study was conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions at the Atatürk University Plant Production Application and Research Center to determine the effects of different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains on growth, yield, and forage quality of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.). The study compared the strains Serratia marcescens (PGB15), Pseudomonas chlororaphis (PGB43), Bacillus megaterium (PGB38), and Rhizobium sp. (FR28) with NPK fertilizer application. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications, and growth, yield, and forage quality parameters were measured. The results showed that PGPR applications provided statistically significant increases (p<0.001) in all growth and yield parameters compared to both the control group and NPK fertilizer application. The strains FR28 and PGB15 increased key vegetative growth parameters such as plant height, root length, and leaf area by more than 50%, while FR28 showed the highest biomass production with increases of 105% and 214% in stem fresh and dry weight, respectively. In terms of forage quality, FR28 and PGB15 applications enhanced crude protein content, reduced NDF and ADF values, and increased relative feed value (RFV) to 263.09 and 250.19, respectively. Correlation analyses revealed strong positive relationships between crude protein content and biomass parameters, and strong negative correlations between NDF and ADF with quality parameters. Principal component analysis indicated that the first two components explained 96.54% of the variance, identifying FR28 and PGB15 as the most effective strains in terms of biomass production and forage quality. Based on these findings, it is recommended that FR28 and PGB15 strains be considered as promising biofertilizer candidates for practical use in cowpea cultivation, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR increased cowpea growth and yield parameters relative to control and NPK.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- PGPR applicationse0
- Outcome
- growth and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- control group and NPK fertilizer applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPR applications provided statistically significant increases (p<0.001) in all growth and yield parameters compared to both the control group and NPK fertilizer application.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
FR28 increased plant height, root length and leaf area by more than 50%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- FR28e0
- Interactor
- FR28e0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant height, root length, and leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- more than 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strains FR28 and PGB15 increased key vegetative growth parameters such as plant height, root length, and leaf area by more than 50%”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
PGB15 increased plant height, root length and leaf area by more than 50%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- PGB15e0
- Interactor
- PGB15e0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant height, root length, and leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- more than 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strains FR28 and PGB15 increased key vegetative growth parameters such as plant height, root length, and leaf area by more than 50%”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
FR28 raised stem fresh weight by 105%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- FR28e0
- Interactor
- FR28e0symbiont
- Outcome
- stem freshe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 105%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FR28 showed the highest biomass production with increases of 105% and 214% in stem fresh and dry weight, respectively.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
FR28 raised stem dry weight by 214%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- FR28e0
- Interactor
- FR28e0symbiont
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 214%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FR28 showed the highest biomass production with increases of 105% and 214% in stem fresh and dry weight, respectively.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
FR28 enhanced crude protein content.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- FR28e0
- Interactor
- FR28e0symbiont
- Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FR28 and PGB15 applications enhanced crude protein content, reduced NDF and ADF values, and increased relative feed value (RFV) to 263.09 and 250.19, respectively.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
PGB15 enhanced crude protein content.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- PGB15e0
- Interactor
- PGB15e0symbiont
- Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FR28 and PGB15 applications enhanced crude protein content, reduced NDF and ADF values, and increased relative feed value (RFV) to 263.09 and 250.19, respectively.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
FR28 reduced NDF and ADF.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- FR28e0
- Interactor
- FR28e0symbiont
- Outcome
- NDF and ADF valuese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FR28 and PGB15 applications enhanced crude protein content, reduced NDF and ADF values, and increased relative feed value (RFV) to 263.09 and 250.19, respectively.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
PGB15 reduced NDF and ADF.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- PGB15e0
- Interactor
- PGB15e0symbiont
- Outcome
- NDF and ADF valuese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FR28 and PGB15 applications enhanced crude protein content, reduced NDF and ADF values, and increased relative feed value (RFV) to 263.09 and 250.19, respectively.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
FR28 increased relative feed value to 263.09.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- FR28e0
- Interactor
- FR28e0symbiont
- Outcome
- relative feed value (RFV)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 263.09e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FR28 and PGB15 applications enhanced crude protein content, reduced NDF and ADF values, and increased relative feed value (RFV) to 263.09 and 250.19, respectively.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
PGB15 increased relative feed value to 250.19.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- PGB15e0
- Interactor
- PGB15e0symbiont
- Outcome
- relative feed value (RFV)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 250.19e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FR28 and PGB15 applications enhanced crude protein content, reduced NDF and ADF values, and increased relative feed value (RFV) to 263.09 and 250.19, respectively.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein content was positively related to biomass parameters.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Compound
- crude protein contente0
- Outcome
- biomass parameterse0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Correlation analyses revealed strong positive relationships between crude protein content and biomass parameters”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
NDF and ADF were negatively related to quality parameters.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Compound
- NDF and ADFe0
- Outcome
- quality parameterse0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strong negative correlations between NDF and ADF with quality parameters.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The first two PCA components explained 96.54% of variance.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- variancee0
- Value
- 96.54%e0
- Qualifier
- first two componentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the first two components explained 96.54% of the variance, identifying FR28 and PGB15 as the most effective strains in terms of biomass production and forage quality.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
FR28 and PGB15 were identified as the most effective strains for biomass and forage quality.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- FR28 and PGB15e0
- Outcome
- most effective strains in terms of biomass production and forage qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identifying FR28 and PGB15 as the most effective strains in terms of biomass production and forage quality.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend FR28 and PGB15 as biofertilizer candidates.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- FR28 and PGB15 strains be considered as promising biofertilizer candidates for practical use in cowpea cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is recommended that FR28 and PGB15 strains be considered as promising biofertilizer candidates for practical use in cowpea cultivation”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
98 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
112 papers more in this group
See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.