Abstract
Soybeans are renowned for their high-quality protein content and vital role in global food and feed production. Enhancing its productivity through strategic agronomic practices, particularly inoculation and fertilization, is essential, especially in marginal soils. This study evaluated the efficacy of Bradyrhizobium sp. and foliar application of molybdenum (Mo) on soybean biomass and yield under lahar sediment conditions in Porac, Pampanga, Philippines, from January to April 2024. A randomized complete block design with four treatments: control, Bradyrhizobium sp., Mo (40 g ha −1 ), and a combination of Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo, was implemented with three replications. Results indicated that the combined application of Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo significantly enhanced shoot biomass (67.2%), crop growth rate (35.8%) and root length (66.0%) relative to the control. In contrast, root-to-shoot ratio and distribution index were not significantly affected, while dry matter efficiency (5.38 g m −2 day −1 ) and harvest index (0.39) declined under combined. Agronomic traits improved markedly, with pod number and hundred-seed weight increased by 92.8% and 50.0% respectively, when combined treatments were applied during the R1 (initial flowering) and R2 (full bloom) stages. The highest yield (2.06 ton ha −1 ) was obtained from Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo treatment, which was significantly higher than the control. Seed yield exhibited strong correlated with seed production efficiency, which increased by 46.25%, reflecting an efficient biomass conversion into seed yield. Therefore, integrating Bradyrhizobium sp. and foliar Mo application substantially improved soybean biomass and yield under marginal lahar conditions, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable strategy for improving productivity.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo increased shoot biomass by 67.2% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Bradyrhizobium sp. + Moe0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.
Bradyrhizobiume0symbiont - Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 67.2%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo significantly enhanced shoot biomass (67.2%), crop growth rate (35.8%) and root length (66.0%) relative to the control”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo increased crop growth rate by 35.8% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Bradyrhizobium sp. + Moe0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.Bradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 35.8%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo significantly enhanced shoot biomass (67.2%), crop growth rate (35.8%) and root length (66.0%) relative to the control”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo increased root length by 66.0% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Bradyrhizobium sp. + Moe0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.Bradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 66.0%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo significantly enhanced shoot biomass (67.2%), crop growth rate (35.8%) and root length (66.0%) relative to the control”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo did not significantly affect root-to-shoot ratio.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- root-to-shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root-to-shoot ratio and distribution index were not significantly affected”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo did not significantly affect distribution index.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- distribution indexe0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root-to-shoot ratio and distribution index were not significantly affected”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo reduced dry matter efficiency to 5.38 g m −2 day −1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- combinede0
- Outcome
- dry matter efficiencye0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 5.38 g m −2 day −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter efficiency (5.38 g m −2 day −1 ) and harvest index (0.39) declined under combined”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo reduced harvest index to 0.39.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter efficiency (5.38 g m −2 day −1 ) and harvest index (0.39) declined under combined”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo increased pod number by 92.8% at R1 and R2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- R1 (initial flowering) and R2 (full bloom) stagese0
- Treatment
- combined treatmentse0
- Outcome
- pod numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 92.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pod number and hundred-seed weight increased by 92.8% and 50.0% respectively, when combined treatments were applied during the R1 (initial flowering) and R2 (full bloom) stages”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo increased hundred-seed weight by 50.0% at R1 and R2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- R1 (initial flowering) and R2 (full bloom) stagese0
- Treatment
- combined treatmentse0
- Outcome
- hundred-seed weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pod number and hundred-seed weight increased by 92.8% and 50.0% respectively, when combined treatments were applied during the R1 (initial flowering) and R2 (full bloom) stages”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment gave highest soybean yield of 2.06 ton ha −1, significantly above control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Bradyrhizobium sp. + Moe0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.Bradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.06 ton ha −1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield (2.06 ton ha −1 ) was obtained from Bradyrhizobium sp. + Mo treatment, which was significantly higher than the control”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield was strongly correlated with seed production efficiency.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- Seed yielde0
- Qualifier
- strong correlated with seed production efficiencye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield exhibited strong correlated with seed production efficiency”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed production efficiency increased by 46.25%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- seed production efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 46.25%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed production efficiency, which increased by 46.25%”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
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