Abstract
1. A glycoside hydrolase PtGH26_1 corresponds with the pathogenesis of Puccinia triticina . 2. PtGH26_1 shows cellulase activity and is an effector protein that inhibits plant immune responses. 3. PtGH26_1 interacts with the Fantastic Four-like protein (TaFAF) in wheat, which positively regulates host resistance to Pt . Many species of the obligate biotrophic rust fungi often cause destructive diseases on crops. Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) in phytopathogens have been widely recognized for their crucial roles in breaking through the plant's defense system. Despite this, the specific functions of most GHs in rust fungi remain largely uncharted. In this study, we examined a GH26 gene from the wheat leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina ( Pt ), designated PtGH26_1 , which exhibited highly induced expression during critical stages of host infection. PtGH26_1 demonstrated cellulase activity and contained a functional signal peptide, localized to both the plant cytoplasm and nucleus. When transiently expressed, PtGH26_1 inhibited Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax)-induced cell death, callose deposition, and the expression of defense-related genes in Nicotiana benthamiana . Additionally, infiltrating PtGH26_1 protein into wheat leaves compromised resistance to Pt and lessened hypersensitive responses. Silencing PtGH26_1 through host-induced gene silencing impaired fungal growth and virulence of Pt , leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species and activation of defense-related genes in wheat. Moreover, PtGH26_1 was shown to target one member of the Fantastic Four-like proteins in wheat (TaFAF), which positively regulated host resistance to Pt . Consequently, our findings indicate that PtGH26_1 is a significant virulence factor, potentially involved in breaching the barrier of plant cell walls and modulating host immune responses during Pt infection.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
PtGH26_1 expression was highly induced during critical stages of host infection.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- Puccinia triticina
Puccinia triticinat1pathogen - Gene
- PtGH26_1e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- highly inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PtGH26_1 , which exhibited highly induced expression during critical stages of host infection”
t0“wheat leaf rust pathogen”
t1“Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
PtGH26_1 demonstrated cellulase activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Puccinia triticinaPuccinia triticinat1pathogen
- Gene
- PtGH26_1e0
- Outcome
- cellulase activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PtGH26_1 demonstrated cellulase activity”
t0“wheat leaf rust pathogen”
t1“Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
PtGH26_1 contained a functional signal peptide and localized to plant cytoplasm and nucleus.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- PtGH26_1e1
- Outcome
- functional signal peptide, localized to both the plant cytoplasm and nucleuse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contained a functional signal peptide, localized to both the plant cytoplasm and nucleus”
e1“PtGH26_1 demonstrated cellulase activity”
t0“wheat leaf rust pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient PtGH26_1 expression inhibited Bax-induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- PtGH26_1e0
- Interactor
- Puccinia triticinaPuccinia triticinat1pathogen
- Gene
- PtGH26_1e0
- Outcome
- Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax)-induced cell deathe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When transiently expressed, PtGH26_1 inhibited Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax)-induced cell death, callose deposition, and the expression of defense-related genes in Nicotiana benthamiana”
t1“Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient PtGH26_1 expression inhibited callose deposition and defense-related gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- PtGH26_1e0
- Interactor
- Puccinia triticinaPuccinia triticinat1pathogen
- Outcome
- callose deposition, and the expression of defense-related genese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When transiently expressed, PtGH26_1 inhibited Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax)-induced cell death, callose deposition, and the expression of defense-related genes in Nicotiana benthamiana”
t1“Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
PtGH26_1 infiltration compromised wheat resistance to Pt and lessened hypersensitive responses.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- infiltrating PtGH26_1 proteine0
- Interactor
- Pte0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to Pt and lessened hypersensitive responsese0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“infiltrating PtGH26_1 protein into wheat leaves compromised resistance to Pt and lessened hypersensitive responses”
Claim · model-written summary
PtGH26_1 silencing impaired fungal growth and virulence.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Silencing PtGH26_1 through host-induced gene silencinge0
- Interactor
- Pte0pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal growth and virulence of Pte0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing PtGH26_1 through host-induced gene silencing impaired fungal growth and virulence of Pt”
t0“wheat leaf rust pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
PtGH26_1 silencing increased reactive oxygen species production and activated defense-related genes in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Silencing PtGH26_1 through host-induced gene silencinge1
- Interactor
- Pte1pathogen
- Outcome
- production of reactive oxygen species and activation of defense-related genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species and activation of defense-related genes in wheat”
e1“Silencing PtGH26_1 through host-induced gene silencing impaired fungal growth and virulence of Pt”
Claim · model-written summary
TaFAF positively regulated wheat resistance to Pt.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- Pte0pathogen
- Gene
- TaFAFe1
- Outcome
- host resistance to Pte0
- Direction
- positively regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which positively regulated host resistance to Pt”
e1“in wheat (TaFAF)”
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See all 177 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.