Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can promote plant growth and improve plant nutrition. However, how AM fungi affect plant nitrogen uptake and assimilation through their influence on related gene regulation and enzyme systems remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of AM fungi on biomass, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen-assimilating enzyme activities, and the expression of genes related to nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen transport in Camellia oleifera under varying nitrogen levels, from deficit to excessive. Plant growth initially increased but then decreased with increasing nitrogen application level. The addition of nitrogen increased the concentrations of NH 4 + and NO 3 − , as well as the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). This suggests that under excessive nitrogen levels, the increased enzyme activity was insufficient to counteract the rapid accumulation of inorganic nitrogen, leading to a nitrogen metabolism imbalance and inhibiting plant growth. Inoculation with AM fungi increased the biomass. While AM fungi had no significant effect on the nitrogen concentrations in roots, stems, or leaves, they significantly increased total plant nitrogen content and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by promoting biomass accumulation. Inoculation with AM fungi increased NR, GS, and GOGAT activities and up-regulated the expression of CoNRT , CoAMT1.1b , CoAMT1.2 , and CoAMT3.1a in leaves. The NO 3 − concentration in roots and stems decreased in response to AM fungi under excessive nitrogen. The results demonstrated that plant nitrogen assimilation and metabolism were enhanced by AM fungi. This enhancement promoted plant growth under optimal nitrogen concentrations, and under excessive nitrogen levels, it led to reduced excessive accumulation of inorganic nitrogen while mitigating high-nitrogen-induced stress. This study establishes a foundational understanding of the role of AM fungi in the nitrogen uptake and metabolism of plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Growth rose then fell as nitrogen application increased.
- Taxon
- Camellia Oleifera
Camellia oleiferat0 - Treatment
- nitrogen application levele0
- Outcome
- Plant growthe0
- Direction
- increased but then decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth initially increased but then decreased with increasing nitrogen application level.”
t0“Camellia Oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen addition increased ammonium and nitrate concentrations.
- Taxon
- Camellia OleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- addition of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- concentrations of NH 4 + and NO 3 −e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of nitrogen increased the concentrations of NH 4 + and NO 3 − , as well as the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT).”
t0“Camellia Oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen addition raised NR, GS and GOGAT activities.
- Taxon
- Camellia OleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- addition of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of nitrogen increased the concentrations of NH 4 + and NO 3 − , as well as the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT).”
t0“Camellia Oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungal inoculation increased biomass.
- Taxon
- Camellia OleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AM fungie0
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with AM fungi increased the biomass.”
t0“Camellia Oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi did not significantly change nitrogen concentrations in roots, stems or leaves.
- Taxon
- Camellia OleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- AM fungie0
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentrations in roots, stems, or leavese0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While AM fungi had no significant effect on the nitrogen concentrations in roots, stems, or leaves, they significantly increased total plant nitrogen content and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by promoting biomass accumulation.”
t0“Camellia Oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi increased total plant nitrogen content and nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Camellia OleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- AM fungie0
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- total plant nitrogen content and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While AM fungi had no significant effect on the nitrogen concentrations in roots, stems, or leaves, they significantly increased total plant nitrogen content and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by promoting biomass accumulation.”
t0“Camellia Oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi increased NR, GS and GOGAT activities.
- Taxon
- Camellia OleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AM fungie0
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- NR, GS, and GOGAT activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with AM fungi increased NR, GS, and GOGAT activities and up-regulated the expression of CoNRT , CoAMT1.1b , CoAMT1.2 , and CoAMT3.1a in leaves.”
t0“Camellia Oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi up-regulated four nitrogen transport genes in leaves.
- Taxon
- Camellia OleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AM fungie0
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- expression of CoNRT , CoAMT1.1b , CoAMT1.2 , and CoAMT3.1ae0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with AM fungi increased NR, GS, and GOGAT activities and up-regulated the expression of CoNRT , CoAMT1.1b , CoAMT1.2 , and CoAMT3.1a in leaves.”
t0“Camellia Oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi decreased root and stem nitrate under excessive nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Camellia OleiferaCamellia oleiferat0
- Treatment
- AM fungie0
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- NO 3 − concentration in roots and stemse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- under excessive nitrogene0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NO 3 − concentration in roots and stems decreased in response to AM fungi under excessive nitrogen.”
t0“Camellia Oleifera”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Glomeromycota · Camellia oleifera (tea-oil Camellia)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
mycorrhiza · Glomeromycota · Camellia oleifera (tea-oil Camellia)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.