Abstract
To address the high acidity and low fertility of acidic red soils in southern China, this study evaluated the effects of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) and the Aspergillus -Rhizobia Coupling (ARC) microbial inoculant on rhizosphere microbiota, soil chemical properties, and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield during the middle growth stage of peanuts (i.e., flowering-pegging and pod-setting stages). Calcium hydroxide modulated the rhizosphere microenvironment by increasing soil pH and exchangeable calcium, thereby enhancing microbial α-diversity, stimulating the metabolic activity of both ARC inoculant strains and native microbiota, and enriching carbon and nitrogen (C-N) cycling-related taxa (e.g., Sphingomonas ), thus elevating soil organic matter and hydrolyzable nitrogen, and ultimately increasing peanut total pod weight per plant. Meanwhile, the ARC inoculant reshaped the rhizosphere microbial community structure without altering α-diversity, specifically enriching phosphorus and potassium (P-K) activation-related taxa (e.g., Paraglomus ), thereby increasing soil available phosphorus and available potassium, and ultimately enhancing peanut total pods per plant. The combined application of these amendments exhibited obvious synergistic effects in the above aspects, with the Ca 50 A 4 treatment (750 kg/ha calcium hydroxide + 60 kg/ha ARC inoculant) achieving the greatest effects. Compared with the control (Ca 0 A 0 , CK), the total pods per plant and total pod weight per plant in the Ca 50 A 4 treatment were significantly increased by 57.14 % and 45.18 %, respectively. Overall, calcium hydroxide improved the rhizosphere microhabitat primarily through chemical regulation, whereas the ARC inoculant acted via direct and community-mediated biological regulation. Their synergistic application provides an efficient and innovative strategy for improving soil quality and enhancing peanut productivity in acidic red soil regions of southern China.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium hydroxide increased soil pH and exchangeable calcium.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- Calcium hydroxidee0
- Outcome
- soil pH and exchangeable calciume0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium hydroxide modulated the rhizosphere microenvironment by increasing soil pH and exchangeable calcium”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium hydroxide enhanced microbial alpha diversity and metabolic activity.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- calcium hydroxidet0
- Outcome
- microbial α-diversitye0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby enhancing microbial α-diversity, stimulating the metabolic activity of both ARC inoculant strains and native microbiota”
t0“calcium hydroxide and ARC microbial inoculant on rhizosphere microbiota and soil chemical properties during peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium hydroxide enriched carbon and nitrogen cycling taxa.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- calcium hydroxidet0
- Outcome
- carbon and nitrogen (C-N) cycling-related taxae0
- Direction
- enrichinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enriching carbon and nitrogen (C-N) cycling-related taxa (e.g., Sphingomonas )”
t0“calcium hydroxide and ARC microbial inoculant on rhizosphere microbiota and soil chemical properties during peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium hydroxide increased soil organic matter and hydrolyzable nitrogen.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- calcium hydroxidet0
- Outcome
- soil organic matter and hydrolyzable nitrogene0
- Direction
- elevatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thus elevating soil organic matter and hydrolyzable nitrogen, and ultimately increasing peanut total pod weight per plant.”
t0“calcium hydroxide and ARC microbial inoculant on rhizosphere microbiota and soil chemical properties during peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium hydroxide increased peanut total pod weight per plant.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- calcium hydroxidet0
- Outcome
- peanut total pod weight per plante0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thus elevating soil organic matter and hydrolyzable nitrogen, and ultimately increasing peanut total pod weight per plant.”
t0“calcium hydroxide and ARC microbial inoculant on rhizosphere microbiota and soil chemical properties during peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
ARC inoculant reshaped the rhizosphere microbial community without altering alpha diversity.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- ARC inoculante0
- Outcome
- rhizosphere microbial community structuree0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ARC inoculant reshaped the rhizosphere microbial community structure without altering α-diversity”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
ARC inoculant enriched phosphorus and potassium activation taxa.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- ARC microbial inoculantt0
- Outcome
- phosphorus and potassium (P-K) activation-related taxae0
- Direction
- enrichinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“specifically enriching phosphorus and potassium (P-K) activation-related taxa (e.g., Paraglomus )”
t0“ARC microbial inoculant on rhizosphere microbiota and soil chemical properties during peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
ARC inoculant increased soil available phosphorus and potassium.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- ARC microbial inoculantt0
- Outcome
- soil available phosphorus and available potassiume0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby increasing soil available phosphorus and available potassium, and ultimately enhancing peanut total pods per plant.”
t0“ARC microbial inoculant on rhizosphere microbiota and soil chemical properties during peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
ARC inoculant enhanced peanut total pods per plant.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- ARC microbial inoculantt0
- Outcome
- peanut total pods per plante0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby increasing soil available phosphorus and available potassium, and ultimately enhancing peanut total pods per plant.”
t0“ARC microbial inoculant on rhizosphere microbiota and soil chemical properties during peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined amendments had synergistic effects, greatest for Ca 50 A 4.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Ca 50 A 4 treatment (750 kg/ha calcium hydroxide + 60 kg/ha ARC inoculant)e0
- Outcome
- greatest effectse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of these amendments exhibited obvious synergistic effects in the above aspects, with the Ca 50 A 4 treatment (750 kg/ha calcium hydroxide + 60 kg/ha ARC inoculant) achieving the greatest effects.”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca 50 A 4 increased total pods per plant by 57.14 % versus control.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Ca 50 A 4 treatmente0
- Outcome
- total pods per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 57.14 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control (Ca 0 A 0 , CK), the total pods per plant and total pod weight per plant in the Ca 50 A 4 treatment were significantly increased by 57.14 % and 45.18 %, respectively.”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca 50 A 4 increased total pod weight per plant by 45.18 % versus control.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Ca 50 A 4 treatmente0
- Outcome
- total pod weight per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45.18 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control (Ca 0 A 0 , CK), the total pods per plant and total pod weight per plant in the Ca 50 A 4 treatment were significantly increased by 57.14 % and 45.18 %, respectively.”
t0“peanut”
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