Abstract
Peanut yield in southern China is usually limited by calcium deficiency in soil. Most previous studies have found that small-seed varieties showed higher tolerance than large-seed varieties (e.g. Virginia type) under calcium deficiency, however, our preliminary research found that sensitive varieties also existed in small-seed counterparts. Few studies have been conducted to characterize low-calcium tolerance among small-seed germplasms with genetic diversity, and the differences in physiological characteristics between sensitive and tolerant varieties has not been reported yet. Thus, in order to better understand such differences, the current study firstly collected and characterized a diversity germplasm panel consisting of 50 small-seed peanut genotypes via a 2-year field trial, followed by the physiological characterization in sensitive (HN032) and tolerant (HN035) peanut genotypes under calcium deficiency. As a result, the adverse effects brought by calcium deficiency on calcium uptake and distribution in HN032 was much larger than HN035. In details, calcium uptake in the aboveground part (leaves and stems) was reduced by 16.17% and 33.66%, while in the underground part (roots and pods), it was reduced by 13.69% and 68.09% under calcium deficiency for HN035 and HN032, respectively; The calcium distribution rate in the pods of HN035 was 2.74 times higher than HN032. The utilization efficiency of calcium in the pods of HN035 was 1.68 and 1.37 times than that of HN032 under calcium deficiency and sufficiency, respectively. In addition, under calcium deficiency conditions, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, and CAT, as well as the MDA content, were significantly increased in the leaves of HN032, peanut yield was significantly reduced by 22.75%. However, there were no significant changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, MDA content, and peanut yield in HN035. Therefore, higher calcium absorption and utilization efficiency may be the key factors maintaining peanut yield in calcium-deficient conditions for tolerant genotypes. This study lays a solid foundation for selecting low-calcium tolerant varieties in future peanut breeding.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Under calcium deficiency, calcium uptake in the aboveground part of HN035 was reduced by 16.17%.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Material
- HN035e0
- Organ / stage
- aboveground part (leaves and stems)e1
- Treatment
- calcium deficiencye0
- Outcome
- calcium uptakee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 16.17%e1
- Comparator
- sufficiencye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sensitive (HN032) and tolerant (HN035) peanut genotypes under calcium deficiency”
e1“calcium uptake in the aboveground part (leaves and stems) was reduced by 16.17% and 33.66%”
e2“in the underground part (roots and pods), it was reduced by 13.69% and 68.09% under calcium deficiency for HN035 and HN032, respectively”
e3“The utilization efficiency of calcium in the pods of HN035 was 1.68 and 1.37 times than that of HN032 under calcium deficiency and sufficiency, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under calcium deficiency, calcium uptake in the aboveground part of HN032 was reduced by 33.66%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- HN032e0
- Organ / stage
- aboveground part (leaves and stems)e1
- Treatment
- calcium deficiencye0
- Outcome
- calcium uptakee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 33.66%e1
- Comparator
- sufficiencye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sensitive (HN032) and tolerant (HN035) peanut genotypes under calcium deficiency”
e1“calcium uptake in the aboveground part (leaves and stems) was reduced by 16.17% and 33.66%”
e2“in the underground part (roots and pods), it was reduced by 13.69% and 68.09% under calcium deficiency for HN035 and HN032, respectively”
e3“The utilization efficiency of calcium in the pods of HN035 was 1.68 and 1.37 times than that of HN032 under calcium deficiency and sufficiency, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under calcium deficiency, calcium uptake in the underground part of HN035 was reduced by 13.69%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- HN035e0
- Organ / stage
- underground part (roots and pods)e2
- Treatment
- calcium deficiencye0
- Outcome
- calcium uptakee1
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 13.69%e2
- Comparator
- sufficiencye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sensitive (HN032) and tolerant (HN035) peanut genotypes under calcium deficiency”
e1“calcium uptake in the aboveground part (leaves and stems) was reduced by 16.17% and 33.66%”
e2“in the underground part (roots and pods), it was reduced by 13.69% and 68.09% under calcium deficiency for HN035 and HN032, respectively”
e3“The utilization efficiency of calcium in the pods of HN035 was 1.68 and 1.37 times than that of HN032 under calcium deficiency and sufficiency, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under calcium deficiency, calcium uptake in the underground part of HN032 was reduced by 68.09%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- HN032e0
- Organ / stage
- underground part (roots and pods)e2
- Treatment
- calcium deficiencye0
- Outcome
- calcium uptakee1
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 68.09%e2
- Comparator
- sufficiencye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sensitive (HN032) and tolerant (HN035) peanut genotypes under calcium deficiency”
e1“calcium uptake in the aboveground part (leaves and stems) was reduced by 16.17% and 33.66%”
e2“in the underground part (roots and pods), it was reduced by 13.69% and 68.09% under calcium deficiency for HN035 and HN032, respectively”
e3“The utilization efficiency of calcium in the pods of HN035 was 1.68 and 1.37 times than that of HN032 under calcium deficiency and sufficiency, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium distribution rate in the pods of HN035 was 2.74 times that of HN032.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- HN035e1
- Organ / stage
- podse1
- Outcome
- calcium distribution ratee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 2.74 timese1
- Comparator
- HN032e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sensitive (HN032) and tolerant (HN035) peanut genotypes under calcium deficiency”
e1“The calcium distribution rate in the pods of HN035 was 2.74 times higher than HN032”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium utilization efficiency in the pods of HN035 was 1.68 times that of HN032 under calcium deficiency.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- HN035e1
- Organ / stage
- podse1
- Treatment
- calcium deficiencye1
- Outcome
- utilization efficiency of calciume1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 1.68e1
- Comparator
- HN032e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sensitive (HN032) and tolerant (HN035) peanut genotypes under calcium deficiency”
e1“The utilization efficiency of calcium in the pods of HN035 was 1.68 and 1.37 times than that of HN032 under calcium deficiency and sufficiency, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium utilization efficiency in the pods of HN035 was 1.37 times that of HN032 under calcium sufficiency.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- HN035e1
- Organ / stage
- podse1
- Treatment
- sufficiencye1
- Outcome
- utilization efficiency of calciume1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 1.37e1
- Comparator
- HN032e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sensitive (HN032) and tolerant (HN035) peanut genotypes under calcium deficiency”
e1“The utilization efficiency of calcium in the pods of HN035 was 1.68 and 1.37 times than that of HN032 under calcium deficiency and sufficiency, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under calcium deficiency, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD and CAT were significantly increased in leaves of HN032.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- HN032e1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- calcium deficiencye1
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, and CATe1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sensitive (HN032) and tolerant (HN035) peanut genotypes under calcium deficiency”
e1“under calcium deficiency conditions, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, and CAT, as well as the MDA content, were significantly increased in the leaves of HN032”
Claim · model-written summary
Under calcium deficiency, MDA content was significantly increased in leaves of HN032.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- HN032e1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- calcium deficiencye1
- Outcome
- MDA contente1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sensitive (HN032) and tolerant (HN035) peanut genotypes under calcium deficiency”
e1“under calcium deficiency conditions, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, and CAT, as well as the MDA content, were significantly increased in the leaves of HN032”
Claim · model-written summary
Under calcium deficiency, peanut yield of HN032 was significantly reduced by 22.75%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- HN032e1
- Treatment
- calcium deficiencye1
- Outcome
- peanut yielde0
- Direction
- significantly reducede0
- Value
- 22.75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peanut yield was significantly reduced by 22.75%”
e1“under calcium deficiency conditions, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, and CAT, as well as the MDA content, were significantly increased in the leaves of HN032”
Claim · model-written summary
In HN035, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, MDA content and peanut yield showed no significant change under calcium deficiency.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- HN035e1
- Treatment
- calcium deficiencye0
- Outcome
- the activities of antioxidant enzymes, MDA content, and peanut yielde1
- Direction
- no significant changese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sensitive (HN032) and tolerant (HN035) peanut genotypes under calcium deficiency”
e1“there were no significant changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, MDA content, and peanut yield in HN035”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher calcium absorption and utilization efficiency may be the key factors maintaining peanut yield under calcium deficiency in tolerant genotypes.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- tolerant genotypese0
- Outcome
- peanut yielde0
- Qualifier
- higher calcium absorption and utilization efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher calcium absorption and utilization efficiency may be the key factors maintaining peanut yield in calcium-deficient conditions for tolerant genotypes”
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