Abstract
Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a model plant and significant cash crop in agriculture. However, it is exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors, which not only affect its growth and development but also reduce its yield and quality. In this work, tobacco extract served as a reductant for the successful green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (TE/AgNPs). Using seed medium and pot-based cultivation experiments, the effects of TE/AgNPs on tobacco growth were investigated. The results of growth and physiological measurements showed that TE/AgNPs significantly promoted tobacco growth. The molecular mechanisms by which TE/AgNPs promote tobacco growth were explored in depth by combining multi-omics techniques, such as transcriptomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics. Metabolomic analysis revealed that TE/AgNPs treatment induced a reprogramming of the plant metabolome, thereby modulating cellular metabolism and responses to external signaling molecules. These alterations primarily involved changes in organic acids, energy production, and secondary metabolites. Microbiome profiling demonstrated that TE/AgNPs treatment significantly altered the community structure of both root and soil microbiota, leading to the structure of microflora tended to be complex after treatment, and the "network hub" nodes of each ecological niche changed significantly. Transcriptomic analysis identified the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway as enriched among differentially expressed genes in both roots and leaves. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses further highlighted the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolic pathway, as well as glutathione metabolic pathway, as playing critical roles in TE/AgNPs-promoted tobacco growth. In addition, Spearman correlation analysis was utilized to ascertain the relationship between the root differential metabolites and the "network hub" of the microbiome genus level co-occurrence network, and a total of 20 strongly correlated pairs were obtained. The molecular docking of the above strongly correlated pairs preliminarily proved the potential regulatory relationship between metabolites and microorganisms. Then, based on MetOrigin, the root differential metabolites were traced, and the results showed that metabolites Glycine, Cadaverine, Alanine and γ-Aminobutanoic acid are closely related to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) such as Sphingobium, Sphingopyxis and Caulobacter. In conclusion, TE/AgNPs exerts its growth-promoting effects by regulating gene expression, metabolic pathways, and the inter-root microbial community in plants. This work presents new ideas and practical guidance for the adoption of sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural production methods, as well as a theoretical foundation for the use of green-synthesized nanosilver as a plant growth regulator.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
TE/AgNPs significantly promoted tobacco growth.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacume2 - Treatment
- TE/AgNPse1
- Outcome
- tobacco growthe1
- Direction
- promotede1
- Setting
- pot-based cultivation experimentse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results of growth and physiological measurements showed that TE/AgNPs significantly promoted tobacco growth”
e2“Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a model plant and significant cash crop in agriculture”
e3“Using seed medium and pot-based cultivation experiments, the effects of TE/AgNPs on tobacco growth were investigated”
Claim · model-written summary
TE/AgNPs treatment induced a reprogramming of the plant metabolome, with changes in organic acids, energy production and secondary metabolites.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume2
- Treatment
- TE/AgNPse4
- Outcome
- reprogramming of the plant metabolomee4
- Direction
- inducede4
- Qualifier
- changes in organic acids, energy production, and secondary metabolitese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a model plant and significant cash crop in agriculture”
e4“Metabolomic analysis revealed that TE/AgNPs treatment induced a reprogramming of the plant metabolome”
e5“These alterations primarily involved changes in organic acids, energy production, and secondary metabolites”
Claim · model-written summary
TE/AgNPs treatment significantly altered the community structure of root and soil microbiota, and the microflora structure tended to become complex.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume2
- Treatment
- TE/AgNPse6
- Interactor
- root and soil microbiotae6symbiont
- Outcome
- community structure of both root and soil microbiotae6
- Direction
- alterede6
- Qualifier
- the structure of microflora tended to be complex after treatmente6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a model plant and significant cash crop in agriculture”
e6“Microbiome profiling demonstrated that TE/AgNPs treatment significantly altered the community structure of both root and soil microbiota, leading to the structure of microflora tended to be complex after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
TE/AgNPs treatment significantly changed the network hub nodes of each ecological niche.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume2
- Treatment
- TE/AgNPse6
- Outcome
- nodes of each ecological nichee7
- Direction
- changede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a model plant and significant cash crop in agriculture”
e6“Microbiome profiling demonstrated that TE/AgNPs treatment”
e7“the "network hub" nodes of each ecological niche changed significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptomic analysis identified the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway as enriched among differentially expressed genes in roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume2
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese3
- Outcome
- carotenoid biosynthesis pathwaye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a model plant and significant cash crop in agriculture”
e3“Transcriptomic analysis identified the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway as enriched among differentially expressed genes in both roots and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses highlighted the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolic pathway and the glutathione metabolic pathway as playing critical roles in TE/AgNPs-promoted tobacco growth.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume2
- Treatment
- TE/AgNPse1
- Outcome
- tobacco growthe1
- Qualifier
- alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolic pathway, as well as glutathione metabolic pathwaye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a model plant and significant cash crop in agriculture”
e1“Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses further highlighted the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolic pathway, as well as glutathione metabolic pathway, as playing critical roles in TE/AgNPs-promoted tobacco growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Root differential metabolites and the network hub of the microbiome genus-level co-occurrence network were strongly correlated, giving 20 strongly correlated pairs.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume2
- Interactor
- microbiomee3symbiont
- Outcome
- strongly correlated pairse3
- Direction
- strongly correlatede3
- Value
- 20 strongly correlated pairse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a model plant and significant cash crop in agriculture”
e3“Spearman correlation analysis was utilized to ascertain the relationship between the root differential metabolites and the "network hub" of the microbiome genus level co-occurrence network, and a total of 20 strongly correlated pairs were obtained”
Claim · model-written summary
Molecular docking of the strongly correlated pairs preliminarily supported a potential regulatory relationship between metabolites and microorganisms.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume2
- Interactor
- microorganismse1symbiont
- Outcome
- regulatory relationship between metabolites and microorganismse1
- Qualifier
- preliminarily provede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a model plant and significant cash crop in agriculture”
e1“The molecular docking of the above strongly correlated pairs preliminarily proved the potential regulatory relationship between metabolites and microorganisms”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine, cadaverine, alanine and gamma-aminobutanoic acid metabolites were closely related to the PGPR genera Sphingobium, Sphingopyxis and Caulobacter.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume2
- Interactor
- Sphingobium, Sphingopyxis and Caulobacter
Caulobacter
SphingobiumSphingopyxise3symbiont - Compound
- Glycine, Cadaverine, Alanine and γ-Aminobutanoic acide3
- Outcome
- metabolitese3
- Direction
- closely relatede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a model plant and significant cash crop in agriculture”
e3“metabolites Glycine, Cadaverine, Alanine and γ-Aminobutanoic acid are closely related to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) such as Sphingobium, Sphingopyxis and Caulobacter”
Claim · model-written summary
TE/AgNPs exerts its growth-promoting effects by regulating gene expression, metabolic pathways and the inter-root microbial community.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume2
- Treatment
- TE/AgNPse3
- Outcome
- growth-promoting effectse3
- Qualifier
- regulating gene expression, metabolic pathways, and the inter-root microbial communitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a model plant and significant cash crop in agriculture”
e3“TE/AgNPs exerts its growth-promoting effects by regulating gene expression, metabolic pathways, and the inter-root microbial community in plants”