Abstract
High-density apple cultivation is favoured by the utilization of dwarfing rootstocks.Evaluation of physiological and biochemical response indicators is essential for early screening of superior dwarfing rootstocks.Here, we investigated the effect of "M.9", "M.26", "Chistock-1"and "Baleng" rootstocks on growth performance, photosynthesis, biochemical and molecular indices of the "Red Fuji" scion after 45, 90, and 180 days of grafting (DAG).Apple scion grafted onto "M.9" rootstock had the lowest plant height and reduced scion diameter and the lowest hydraulic conductance (K leaf ), whereas trees grafted onto "M.26", "Chistock-1" and "Baleng" rootstocks were taller and had better scion diameter and hydraulic conductance.In addition, leaf P, K, Mg, Cu, Mn, and Zn concentration was minimum for plants grafted onto "M.9" rootstock that likely reduced the growth rate.Furthermore, we observed that trees grafted onto "M.9" rootstock had lower photosynthesis rate (P n ) compared with "M.26", "Chistock-1", and "Baleng" rootstocks.The hormonal and gene expression analysis indicated that there were lower amounts of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) and expressions of YUCCA10a and IPT3A in the leaf and roots of "M.9" rootstock compared with "M.26", "Chistock-1", and "Baleng" rootstocks.The results of this study can be useful in apple breeding programs to forecast the dwarfing ability at an early stage of growth and development of grafted plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Red Fuji apple scions grafted onto M.9 rootstock had the lowest plant height and reduced scion diameter.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- "M.9" rootstocke0
- Outcome
- lowest plant height and reduced scion diametere0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“Apple scion grafted onto "M.9" rootstock had the lowest plant height and reduced scion diameter and the lowest hydraulic conductance (K leaf )”
Claim · model-written summary
Red Fuji apple scions grafted onto M.9 rootstock had the lowest hydraulic conductance (K leaf).
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- "M.9" rootstocke0
- Outcome
- hydraulic conductancee0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“Apple scion grafted onto "M.9" rootstock had the lowest plant height and reduced scion diameter and the lowest hydraulic conductance (K leaf )”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees grafted onto M.26, Chistock-1 and Baleng rootstocks were taller.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- "M.26", "Chistock-1" and "Baleng" rootstockse0
- Outcome
- tallere0
- Direction
- tallere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“trees grafted onto "M.26", "Chistock-1" and "Baleng" rootstocks were taller and had better scion diameter and hydraulic conductance”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees grafted onto M.26, Chistock-1 and Baleng rootstocks had better scion diameter and hydraulic conductance.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- "M.26", "Chistock-1" and "Baleng" rootstockse0
- Outcome
- scion diameter and hydraulic conductancee0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“trees grafted onto "M.26", "Chistock-1" and "Baleng" rootstocks were taller and had better scion diameter and hydraulic conductance”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf P, K and Mg concentrations were minimum in apple plants grafted onto M.9 rootstock.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- "M.9" rootstocke0
- Outcome
- leaf P, K, Mge0
- Direction
- minimume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“leaf P, K, Mg, Cu, Mn, and Zn concentration was minimum for plants grafted onto "M.9" rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations were minimum in apple plants grafted onto M.9 rootstock.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- "M.9" rootstocke0
- Outcome
- Cu, Mn, and Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- minimume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“leaf P, K, Mg, Cu, Mn, and Zn concentration was minimum for plants grafted onto "M.9" rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees grafted onto M.9 rootstock had a lower photosynthesis rate than those on M.26, Chistock-1 and Baleng rootstocks.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- "M.9" rootstocke0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- "M.26", "Chistock-1", and "Baleng" rootstockse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“trees grafted onto "M.9" rootstock had lower photosynthesis rate (P n ) compared with "M.26", "Chistock-1", and "Baleng" rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
M.9 rootstock had lower amounts of IAA and zeatin riboside in leaf and roots than M.26, Chistock-1 and Baleng rootstocks.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf and rootse0
- Treatment
- "M.9" rootstocke0
- Outcome
- amounts of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- "M.26", "Chistock-1", and "Baleng" rootstockse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“there were lower amounts of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) and expressions of YUCCA10a and IPT3A in the leaf and roots of "M.9" rootstock compared with "M.26", "Chistock-1", and "Baleng" rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of YUCCA10a and IPT3A was lower in leaf and roots of M.9 rootstock than of M.26, Chistock-1 and Baleng rootstocks.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf and rootse0
- Treatment
- "M.9" rootstocke0
- Gene
- YUCCA10a and IPT3Ae0
- Outcome
- expressions of YUCCA10a and IPT3Ae0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- "M.26", "Chistock-1", and "Baleng" rootstockse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“there were lower amounts of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) and expressions of YUCCA10a and IPT3A in the leaf and roots of "M.9" rootstock compared with "M.26", "Chistock-1", and "Baleng" rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors state the results can be useful in apple breeding programs to forecast dwarfing ability at an early stage of growth.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- forecast the dwarfing ability at an early stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can be useful in apple breeding programs to forecast the dwarfing ability at an early stage”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.