Abstract
Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) are essential micronutrients that play crucial role on crop plants. Adequate amount of these elements is required for metabolic synthesis, enzyme activity and improvement of overall yield. Mycorrhizal also enhance the uptake and facilitate absorption of water and essential elements in crop plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of foliar application of Zn and iron Fe oxides in both normal (2 g L-1) and nano form (1.5 g L-1) combined with inoculation mycorrhiza (Funneliformis mosseae) on root growth and some physiological characteristics in sorghum. Zn and Fe oxides in both normal and nano forms, increased the root growth. Normal form of Fe and Zn oxides showed the greater effect on this trait. Inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae, increased root and shoot dry weight 9.6% and enhanced root length and volume 12.6%. Moreover, Zn and Fe oxides treatments increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) in leaf tissues. No significant difference was observed between the nano and normal forms regarding these antioxidant enzyme activities. Funneliformis mosseae as well as Fe and Zn oxide, increased the concentration of Fe and Zn in the leaves. The highest Fe and Zn concentrations were obtained under foliar application of Zn and Fe oxides in normal form. The results demonstrated that, under symbiosis with the Funneliformis mosseae, foliar application of Fe and Zn oxides in their normal form has a greater effect on root growth and enzyme activities in sorghum plants compared to the nano form.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Normal Zn oxides increased root growth.
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn and Fe oxides in both normal and nano forms, increased the root growth.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal Fe oxides increased root growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn and Fe oxides in both normal and nano forms, increased the root growth.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano Zn oxides increased root growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn and Fe oxides in both normal and nano forms, increased the root growth.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano Fe oxides increased root growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn and Fe oxides in both normal and nano forms, increased the root growth.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal Fe and Zn oxides had a greater root growth effect.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Normal form of Fe and Zn oxides showed the greater effect on this trait.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation increased root and shoot dry weight by 9.6%.
- Treatment
- Inoculation with Funneliformis mosseaee0
- Interactor
- Funneliformis mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Outcome
- root and shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae, increased root and shoot dry weight 9.6% and enhanced root length and volume 12.6%.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation increased root length and volume by 12.6%.
- Treatment
- Inoculation with Funneliformis mosseaee0
- Interactor
- Funneliformis mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- root length and volumee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 12.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae, increased root and shoot dry weight 9.6% and enhanced root length and volume 12.6%.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn and Fe oxide treatments increased GPX, APX and CAT activity in leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuese0
- Treatment
- Zn and Fe oxides treatmentse0
- Gene
- guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT)e0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn and Fe oxides treatments increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) in leaf tissues.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano and normal oxide forms did not differ significantly in antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Treatment
- nanoe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- No significant differencee0
- Comparator
- normal formse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant difference was observed between the nano and normal forms regarding these antioxidant enzyme activities.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza increased leaf Fe and Zn concentrations.
- Treatment
- Funneliformis mosseaee0
- Interactor
- Funneliformis mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- concentration of Fe and Zn in the leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Funneliformis mosseae as well as Fe and Zn oxide, increased the concentration of Fe and Zn in the leaves.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe and Zn oxides increased leaf Fe and Zn concentrations.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Funneliformis mosseae as well as Fe and Zn oxide, increased the concentration of Fe and Zn in the leaves.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal foliar oxides produced the highest leaf Fe and Zn concentrations.
- Treatment
- foliar application of Zn and Fe oxides in normal forme0
- Outcome
- Fe and Zn concentrationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest Fe and Zn concentrations were obtained under foliar application of Zn and Fe oxides in normal form.”
t0“sorghum”
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See all 13 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.