Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major limitation for wheat production in Uruguay. This study aimed to optimize a method for the determination of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium in wheat grains. A validated HPLC-MS/MS method was used to analyze zearalenone (ZEA) and type B trichothecenes─deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON), and nivalenol (NIV)─in 71 commercial samples from the 2018 season across various cultivars and locations. Mycotoxins were detected in 47 samples, with DON being the most prevalent (46/47), ranging from 102 to 10,507 μg/kg. NIV was quantified in 8 samples (37–66 μg/kg), ZEA in 6 (104–5193 μg/kg), and 3ADON in one sample (67 μg/kg); 15ADON was not detected. FHB-susceptible cultivars showed more positive samples and higher DON and ZEA levels, while moderately resistant cultivars generally had lower concentrations. However, no significant differences in DON content were observed among cultivars.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Mycotoxins occurred in 47 wheat samples.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- Mycotoxinse0
- Value
- 47 samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycotoxins were detected in 47 samples”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
DON was present in 46 of 47 positive samples, at 102 to 10,507 μg/kg.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- DONe0
- Value
- 102 to 10,507 μg/kge0
- Qualifier
- 46/47e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DON being the most prevalent (46/47), ranging from 102 to 10,507 μg/kg.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NIV was quantified in eight samples at 37–66 μg/kg.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- NIVe0
- Value
- 37–66 μg/kge0
- Qualifier
- 8 samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NIV was quantified in 8 samples (37–66 μg/kg)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ZEA was quantified in six samples at 104–5193 μg/kg.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- ZEAe0
- Value
- 104–5193 μg/kge0
- Qualifier
- 6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZEA in 6 (104–5193 μg/kg)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
3ADON was quantified in one sample at 67 μg/kg.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- 3ADONe0
- Value
- 67 μg/kge0
- Qualifier
- one samplee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3ADON in one sample (67 μg/kg)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
15ADON was not detected.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- 15ADON was not detectede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“15ADON was not detected.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
FHB-susceptible cultivars had more toxin-positive samples.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- FHB-susceptible cultivarse0
- Outcome
- positive samplese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- moderately resistant cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FHB-susceptible cultivars showed more positive samples and higher DON and ZEA levels, while moderately resistant cultivars generally had lower concentrations.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
FHB-susceptible cultivars had higher DON and ZEA levels than moderately resistant cultivars.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- FHB-susceptible cultivarse0
- Outcome
- DON and ZEA levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- moderately resistant cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FHB-susceptible cultivars showed more positive samples and higher DON and ZEA levels, while moderately resistant cultivars generally had lower concentrations.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
DON content did not differ significantly among cultivars.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- cultivarse0
- Outcome
- DON contente0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant differences in DON content were observed among cultivars.”
t0“Wheat”