Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of selenium concentrations in mitigating salt stress on the physiology, growth, and yield of okra plants irrigated with brackish water. Treatments consisted of four irrigation water salinity levels (ECw: 0.4, 1.3, 2.2, and 3.1 dS m−1) combined with four selenium concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15 mg L−1), arranged in a randomized block design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates and one plant per plot. Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content, gas exchange, initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant growth, and production of okra, while increasing the percentage of electrolyte leakage. Irrigation Water salinity levels above 0.4 dS m−1 impaired plant water status, gas exchange, growth, chlorophyll a fluorescence, yield, and water-use efficiency, while increasing electrolyte leakage. Salinity above 1.0 dS m−1 also inhibited photosynthetic pigment synthesis. Selenium did not mitigate salinity-induced reductions in chlorophyll and carotenoids. However, foliar Se at 8.6–15 mg L−1 enhanced gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, growth, and fruit yield under salinity up to 3.1 dS m−1. These results support Se induced attenuation of salinity stress, warranting further mechanistic studies.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content in okra.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse1 - Treatment
- Increasing irrigation water salinitye1
- Outcome
- relative water contente1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- 0.4 dS m−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content, gas exchange, initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant growth, and production of okra, while increasing the percentage of electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced gas exchange in okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- Increasing irrigation water salinitye1
- Outcome
- gas exchangee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- 0.4 dS m−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content, gas exchange, initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant growth, and production of okra, while increasing the percentage of electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced plant growth of okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- Increasing irrigation water salinitye1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- 0.4 dS m−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content, gas exchange, initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant growth, and production of okra, while increasing the percentage of electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced okra production.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- Increasing irrigation water salinitye1
- Outcome
- production of okrae1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- 0.4 dS m−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content, gas exchange, initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant growth, and production of okra, while increasing the percentage of electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 increased the percentage of electrolyte leakage in okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- Increasing irrigation water salinitye1
- Outcome
- percentage of electrolyte leakagee1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Comparator
- 0.4 dS m−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content, gas exchange, initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant growth, and production of okra, while increasing the percentage of electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced initial chlorophyll a fluorescence in okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- Increasing irrigation water salinitye1
- Outcome
- initial chlorophyll a fluorescencee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- 0.4 dS m−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content, gas exchange, initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant growth, and production of okra, while increasing the percentage of electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation water salinity above 0.4 dS m−1 impaired water-use efficiency of okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Irrigation Water salinity levels above 0.4 dS m−1e2
- Outcome
- water-use efficiencye2
- Direction
- impairede2
- Comparator
- 0.4 dS m−1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content, gas exchange, initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant growth, and production of okra, while increasing the percentage of electrolyte leakage”
e2“Irrigation Water salinity levels above 0.4 dS m−1 impaired plant water status, gas exchange, growth, chlorophyll a fluorescence, yield, and water-use efficiency, while increasing electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity above 1.0 dS m−1 inhibited photosynthetic pigment synthesis in okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Salinity above 1.0 dS m−1e3
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigment synthesise3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content, gas exchange, initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant growth, and production of okra, while increasing the percentage of electrolyte leakage”
e3“Salinity above 1.0 dS m−1 also inhibited photosynthetic pigment synthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium did not mitigate the salinity-induced reductions in chlorophyll and carotenoids of okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Seleniume4
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and carotenoidse4
- Direction
- did not mitigatee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content, gas exchange, initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant growth, and production of okra, while increasing the percentage of electrolyte leakage”
e4“Selenium did not mitigate salinity-induced reductions in chlorophyll and carotenoids”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se at 8.6–15 mg L−1 enhanced gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence of okra under salinity up to 3.1 dS m−1.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- foliar Se at 8.6–15 mg L−1e5
- Outcome
- gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescencee5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Qualifier
- under salinity up to 3.1 dS m−1e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content, gas exchange, initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant growth, and production of okra, while increasing the percentage of electrolyte leakage”
e5“However, foliar Se at 8.6–15 mg L−1 enhanced gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, growth, and fruit yield under salinity up to 3.1 dS m−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se at 8.6–15 mg L−1 enhanced okra growth under salinity up to 3.1 dS m−1.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- foliar Se at 8.6–15 mg L−1e5
- Outcome
- growthe5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Qualifier
- under salinity up to 3.1 dS m−1e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content, gas exchange, initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant growth, and production of okra, while increasing the percentage of electrolyte leakage”
e5“However, foliar Se at 8.6–15 mg L−1 enhanced gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, growth, and fruit yield under salinity up to 3.1 dS m−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se at 8.6–15 mg L−1 enhanced okra fruit yield under salinity up to 3.1 dS m−1.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- foliar Se at 8.6–15 mg L−1e5
- Outcome
- fruit yielde5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Qualifier
- under salinity up to 3.1 dS m−1e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content, gas exchange, initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant growth, and production of okra, while increasing the percentage of electrolyte leakage”
e5“However, foliar Se at 8.6–15 mg L−1 enhanced gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, growth, and fruit yield under salinity up to 3.1 dS m−1”
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See all 25 papers →8 of 16 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.