Abstract
Rice roots develop aerenchyma, which transports oxygen from shoots to roots, facilitating adaptation to waterlogged conditions. This oxygen oxidizes ferrous ions into ferric compounds, forming iron plaque that mitigates iron toxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms linking aerenchyma and iron plaque formation remain poorly understood. Here we identified a rice mutant (AZ1302) defective in both aerenchyma and iron plaque formation, with the causal mutation mapped to the PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 2 (OsPSY2) gene. CRISPR–Cas9-induced psy2 mutants exhibited reduced levels of carotenoid-derived hormones, strigolactones and abscisic acid, in roots. In psy2 mutants, exogenous application of strigolactones rescued aerenchyma formation, while abscisic acid restored iron plaque deposition, providing evidence for distinct hormonal regulatory functions in the two processes. These findings revise the current understanding by dissociating the roles of aerenchyma and iron plaque formation, establishing a role for OsPSY2 in integrating hormonal signalling to drive root plasticity and offering new insights into plant adaptation under environmental stress. Shrestha et al. reveal that rice PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 2 (OsPSY2) coordinates the carotenoid-derived biosynthesis of abscisic acid and strigolactones, which independently govern iron plaque deposition and aerenchyma development, respectively.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Rice mutant AZ1302 was defective in aerenchyma and iron plaque formation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- AZ1302e0
- Outcome
- aerenchyma and iron plaque formatione0
- Direction
- defectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice mutant (AZ1302) defective in both aerenchyma and iron plaque formation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The causal mutation mapped to OsPSY2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 2 (OsPSY2)e0
- Outcome
- causal mutatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“causal mutation mapped to the PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 2 (OsPSY2) gene”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
psy2 mutant roots had reduced strigolactone and abscisic acid levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- psy2 mutantse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- CRISPR–Cas9-induced psy2 mutantse0
- Outcome
- levels of carotenoid-derived hormones, strigolactones and abscisic acide0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CRISPR–Cas9-induced psy2 mutants exhibited reduced levels of carotenoid-derived hormones, strigolactones and abscisic acid, in roots”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Strigolactone application restored aerenchyma formation in psy2 mutants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of strigolactonese0
- Outcome
- aerenchyma formatione0
- Direction
- rescuede0
- Comparator
- psy2 mutantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of strigolactones rescued aerenchyma formation”
t0“rice”
e1“In psy2 mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid application restored iron plaque deposition in psy2 mutants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- abscisic acide0
- Outcome
- iron plaque depositione0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Comparator
- psy2 mutantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“abscisic acid restored iron plaque deposition”
t0“rice”
e1“In psy2 mutants”