Abstract
Oat is a forage with high protein value (10–14% DM) and good palatability, and is considered one of the main feed sources for ruminants. In this experiment, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Lentilactobacillus buchneri were selected as silage additives to investigate the fermentation quality, nutrient composition, microbial community and relationship between fermentation products and bacterial community of small-bale oat silage after ensiling. The experiment was set up with three treatment groups and three replications in each group, which were the control (C) group, L. rhamnosus (LR) group and L. buchneri (LB) group, and oat silages were subjected to 10-day and 30-day storage periods. The results show that both LR and LB additions significantly increased water-soluble carbohydrate, crude protein, lactic acid, propionic acid and acetic acid contents, and decreased pH, butyric acid, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and ammonia nitrogen contents and yeast and enterobacteria numbers in small-bale oat silage, compared with the C group. The highest content of acetic acid and the lowest numbers of enterobacteria and yeast were found in the LB group after 30 days of fermentation. Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were the dominant genera in the LB and LR groups, regardless of fermentation time. Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were positively correlated with a correlation value of 0.9, but both were negatively correlated with Bacillus. Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were positively correlated with acetic and lactic acids, while pH and butyric acid were positively correlated with Bacillus. This experiment revealed that the addition of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria enhanced the relative abundance of Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus, reduced harmful microbes, and improved fermentation quality of small-bale oat silage.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus additions increased water-soluble carbohydrate and crude protein in oat silage compared with the control
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativat0 - Treatment
- LRe0
- Interactor
- Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosust1symbiont - Outcome
- water-soluble carbohydrate, crude proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- C groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“both LR and LB additions significantly increased water-soluble carbohydrate, crude protein, lactic acid, propionic acid and acetic acid contents”
e1“compared with the C group”
t1“Lentilactobacillus buchneri or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentilactobacillus buchneri additions increased water-soluble carbohydrate and crude protein in oat silage compared with the control
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- LBe0
- Interactor
- Lentilactobacillus buchneriLentilactobacillus buchnerit1symbiont
- Outcome
- water-soluble carbohydrate, crude proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- C groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“both LR and LB additions significantly increased water-soluble carbohydrate, crude protein, lactic acid, propionic acid and acetic acid contents”
e1“compared with the C group”
t1“Lentilactobacillus buchneri or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus”
Claim · model-written summary
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus additions increased lactic, propionic and acetic acid contents in oat silage compared with the control
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- LRe0
- Interactor
- Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosusLacticaseibacillus rhamnosust1symbiont
- Outcome
- lactic acid, propionic acid and acetic acid contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- C groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“both LR and LB additions significantly increased water-soluble carbohydrate, crude protein, lactic acid, propionic acid and acetic acid contents”
e1“compared with the C group”
t1“Lentilactobacillus buchneri or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentilactobacillus buchneri additions increased lactic, propionic and acetic acid contents in oat silage compared with the control
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- LBe0
- Interactor
- Lentilactobacillus buchneriLentilactobacillus buchnerit1symbiont
- Outcome
- lactic acid, propionic acid and acetic acid contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- C groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“both LR and LB additions significantly increased water-soluble carbohydrate, crude protein, lactic acid, propionic acid and acetic acid contents”
e1“compared with the C group”
t1“Lentilactobacillus buchneri or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus”
Claim · model-written summary
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus additions decreased pH, butyric acid and acid detergent fiber in oat silage compared with the control
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- LRe0
- Interactor
- Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosusLacticaseibacillus rhamnosust1symbiont
- Outcome
- pH, butyric acid, acid detergent fibere1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- C groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“both LR and LB additions”
e1“decreased pH, butyric acid, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and ammonia nitrogen contents and yeast and enterobacteria numbers in small-bale oat silage, compared with the C group”
t1“Lentilactobacillus buchneri or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentilactobacillus buchneri additions decreased pH, butyric acid and acid detergent fiber in oat silage compared with the control
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- LBe0
- Interactor
- Lentilactobacillus buchneriLentilactobacillus buchnerit1symbiont
- Outcome
- pH, butyric acid, acid detergent fibere1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- C groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“both LR and LB additions”
e1“decreased pH, butyric acid, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and ammonia nitrogen contents and yeast and enterobacteria numbers in small-bale oat silage, compared with the C group”
t1“Lentilactobacillus buchneri or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus”
Claim · model-written summary
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus additions decreased neutral detergent fiber and ammonia nitrogen contents in oat silage compared with the control
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- LRe0
- Interactor
- Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosusLacticaseibacillus rhamnosust1symbiont
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fiber, and ammonia nitrogen contentse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- C groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“both LR and LB additions”
e1“decreased pH, butyric acid, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and ammonia nitrogen contents and yeast and enterobacteria numbers in small-bale oat silage, compared with the C group”
t1“Lentilactobacillus buchneri or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentilactobacillus buchneri additions decreased neutral detergent fiber and ammonia nitrogen contents in oat silage compared with the control
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- LBe0
- Interactor
- Lentilactobacillus buchneriLentilactobacillus buchnerit1symbiont
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fiber, and ammonia nitrogen contentse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- C groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“both LR and LB additions”
e1“decreased pH, butyric acid, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and ammonia nitrogen contents and yeast and enterobacteria numbers in small-bale oat silage, compared with the C group”
t1“Lentilactobacillus buchneri or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus”
Claim · model-written summary
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Lentilactobacillus buchneri additions decreased yeast and enterobacteria numbers in oat silage compared with the control
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- LR and LB additionse0
- Outcome
- yeast and enterobacteria numberse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- C groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“both LR and LB additions”
e1“decreased pH, butyric acid, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and ammonia nitrogen contents and yeast and enterobacteria numbers in small-bale oat silage, compared with the C group”
Claim · model-written summary
The LB group had the highest acetic acid content and the lowest enterobacteria and yeast numbers after 30 days of fermentation
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- LB groupe0
- Outcome
- content of acetic acide0
- Qualifier
- after 30 days of fermentatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“The highest content of acetic acid and the lowest numbers of enterobacteria and yeast were found in the LB group after 30 days of fermentation”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were positively correlated with acetic and lactic acids in oat silage
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Interactor
- LentilactobacillusLentilactobacilluse0other
- Second interactor
- LacticaseibacillusLacticaseibacilluse0other
- Outcome
- acetic and lactic acidse0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were positively correlated with acetic and lactic acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were positively correlated with a correlation value of 0.9
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Interactor
- LentilactobacillusLentilactobacilluse0other
- Second interactor
- LacticaseibacillusLacticaseibacilluse0other
- Outcome
- correlation valuee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Value
- 0.9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were positively correlated with a correlation value of 0.9, but both were negatively correlated with Bacillus”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were negatively correlated with Bacillus in oat silage
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Interactor
- LentilactobacillusLentilactobacilluse0other
- Second interactor
- LacticaseibacillusLacticaseibacilluse0other
- Outcome
- Bacilluse0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were positively correlated with a correlation value of 0.9, but both were negatively correlated with Bacillus”
Claim · model-written summary
pH and butyric acid were positively correlated with Bacillus in oat silage
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0other
- Outcome
- pH and butyric acide0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“while pH and butyric acid were positively correlated with Bacillus”
Claim · model-written summary
Addition of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria enhanced the relative abundance of Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus in oat silage
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteriae0
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacilluse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“the addition of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria enhanced the relative abundance of Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus, reduced harmful microbes, and improved fermentation quality of small-bale oat silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Addition of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria reduced harmful microbes in oat silage
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteriae0
- Outcome
- harmful microbese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“the addition of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria enhanced the relative abundance of Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus, reduced harmful microbes, and improved fermentation quality of small-bale oat silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Addition of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria improved fermentation quality of oat silage
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteriae0
- Outcome
- fermentation qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“the addition of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria enhanced the relative abundance of Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus, reduced harmful microbes, and improved fermentation quality of small-bale oat silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were the dominant genera in the LB and LR silage groups regardless of fermentation time
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- dominant generae0
- Qualifier
- regardless of fermentation timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Small-Bale Oat Silage”
e0“Lentilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were the dominant genera in the LB and LR groups, regardless of fermentation time”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · pest · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
inoculation · quality: general · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.