Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is resistant to salt, drought and low temperature stress but sensitive to waterlogging stress. For now, little is known in waterlogging stress about the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of hormonal pathways in barley roots. In this study, the effects of waterlogging stress on 33 genotypes during the whole growth stages were comprehensively assessed. Then, the root morphology, hormone content and relative root development gene expressions were investigated in the most waterlogging-sensitive and -tolerant genotypes. We found waterlogging-tolerant genotypes (four representative genotypes) increased root length, forks, surface and project area traits at the early stage of waterlogging stress; meanwhile, these root traits were reduced in waterlogging-sensitive genotypes (four representative genotypes) because of ABA and ethylene inhibition. Furthermore, waterlogging-tolerant barley genotypes, respectively, induced and inhibited the positive (TCP20 and PLT2) and negative (SHY2 and PILS2) regulated gene’s expressions that controlled the meristem growth at the root tips to cope with waterlogging stress. In addition, our results were consistent with the hypothesis that waterlogging-tolerant barley genotypes can simultaneously upregulate GA levels and downregulate ethylene accumulation, which may induce the expression of SHR and SCR genes and enhance root growth under waterlogging stress. This research lays a foundation for the subsequent screening and breeding of waterlogging-tolerant genotypes and the exploration of waterlogging-tolerant mechanisms in barley.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging-tolerant barley genotypes increased root length, forks, surface area, and projected area early in waterlogging.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Material
- waterlogging-tolerant genotypese0
- Outcome
- root length, forks, surface and project area traitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at the early stage of waterlogging stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“waterlogging-tolerant genotypes (four representative genotypes) increased root length, forks, surface and project area traits at the early stage of waterlogging stress”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The same root traits declined in waterlogging-sensitive barley genotypes.
- Material
- waterlogging-sensitive genotypese0
- Outcome
- root traitse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- because of ABA and ethylene inhibitione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“these root traits were reduced in waterlogging-sensitive genotypes (four representative genotypes) because of ABA and ethylene inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA and ethylene inhibition was asserted to explain reduced root traits in sensitive genotypes.
- Material
- waterlogging-sensitive genotypese0
- Compound
- ABA and ethylenee0
- Outcome
- root traitse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- because of ABA and ethylene inhibitione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“these root traits were reduced in waterlogging-sensitive genotypes (four representative genotypes) because of ABA and ethylene inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant barley genotypes induced TCP20 and PLT2 expression under waterlogging.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- waterlogging-tolerant barley genotypese0
- Gene
- TCP20 and PLT2e0
- Outcome
- gene’s expressionse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“waterlogging-tolerant barley genotypes, respectively, induced and inhibited the positive (TCP20 and PLT2) and negative (SHY2 and PILS2) regulated gene’s expressions”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant barley genotypes inhibited SHY2 and PILS2 expression under waterlogging.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- waterlogging-tolerant barley genotypese0
- Gene
- SHY2 and PILS2e0
- Outcome
- gene’s expressionse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“waterlogging-tolerant barley genotypes, respectively, induced and inhibited the positive (TCP20 and PLT2) and negative (SHY2 and PILS2) regulated gene’s expressions”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesize that tolerant barley genotypes upregulate GA and downregulate ethylene.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- waterlogging-tolerant barley genotypese0
- Compound
- GAe0
- Outcome
- GA levelse0
- Direction
- upregulatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“waterlogging-tolerant barley genotypes can simultaneously upregulate GA levels and downregulate ethylene accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesize that tolerant barley genotypes downregulate ethylene accumulation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- waterlogging-tolerant barley genotypese0
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- ethylene accumulatione0
- Direction
- downregulatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“waterlogging-tolerant barley genotypes can simultaneously upregulate GA levels and downregulate ethylene accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest these hormonal shifts may induce SHR and SCR expression and enhance root growth.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“which may induce the expression of SHR and SCR genes and enhance root growth under waterlogging stress”