Abstract
is a worldwide threat to the global wheat production with frequent epidemics leading to widespread reliance on chemical fungicides such as cyproconazole. To reduce fungicide risks on human health and environmental integrity, chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and novel chitosan-cyproconazole nanocomposite (Chi-Cyp) were synthesized. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the size of 80-90 nm and surface charge and uniformity. To evaluate their efficacy against the disease, various concentrations of CNP and Chi-Cyp were applied via irrigation, foliar spray, and a combination of both methods. Wheat seedlings were treated 24 h prior to inoculation, as well as at 48- and 96-h post-inoculation with Pgt urediniospores. Phenotypic assessments conducted 2 weeks post-inoculation revealed that CNPs (100 μg/mL) and Chi-Cyp (1 μg/mL), along with the positive control cyproconazole (10 μg/mL), significantly suppressed stem rust infection. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis corroborated these findings, demonstrating a substantial reduction in fungal biomass in treated plants. Additionally, the impact of the nanomaterials on plant growth parameters was examined. Notably, Chi-Cyp treatment at 50 μg/mL significantly enhanced seedling growth, as evidenced by increased shoot and root lengths, and elevated fresh and dry biomass accumulation. This study highlights the potential of the Chi-Cyp nanocomposite, which contains a 10-fold lower concentration of cyproconazole, to effectively control stem rust with comparable efficacy to the fungicide alone. These findings underscore the promise of nanotechnology-based strategies in sustainable plant disease management.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan nanoparticles significantly suppressed stem rust infection.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- CNPs (100 μg/mL)e0
- Interactor
- stem ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- stem rust infectione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- cyproconazole (10 μg/mL)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CNPs (100 μg/mL) and Chi-Cyp (1 μg/mL), along with the positive control cyproconazole (10 μg/mL), significantly suppressed stem rust infection”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Chi-Cyp significantly suppressed stem rust infection.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Chi-Cyp (1 μg/mL)e0
- Interactor
- stem ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- stem rust infectione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- cyproconazole (10 μg/mL)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CNPs (100 μg/mL) and Chi-Cyp (1 μg/mL), along with the positive control cyproconazole (10 μg/mL), significantly suppressed stem rust infection”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyproconazole significantly suppressed stem rust infection.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cyproconazole (10 μg/mL)e0
- Interactor
- stem ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- stem rust infectione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive control cyproconazole (10 μg/mL), significantly suppressed stem rust infection”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment reduced fungal biomass in wheat plants.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- treated plantse0
- Outcome
- fungal biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a substantial reduction in fungal biomass in treated plants”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Chi-Cyp at 50 μg/mL significantly increased shoot and root length.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Chi-Cyp treatment at 50 μg/mLe0
- Outcome
- shoot and root lengthse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chi-Cyp treatment at 50 μg/mL significantly enhanced seedling growth, as evidenced by increased shoot and root lengths, and elevated fresh and dry biomass accumulation”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Chi-Cyp at 50 μg/mL significantly elevated fresh and dry biomass.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Chi-Cyp treatment at 50 μg/mLe0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chi-Cyp treatment at 50 μg/mL significantly enhanced seedling growth, as evidenced by increased shoot and root lengths, and elevated fresh and dry biomass accumulation”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Chi-Cyp controlled stem rust comparably to fungicide alone with tenfold less cyproconazole.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Chi-Cyp nanocompositee0
- Interactor
- stem ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- stem ruste0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Value
- 10-fold lower concentration of cyproconazolee0
- Comparator
- fungicide alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chi-Cyp nanocomposite, which contains a 10-fold lower concentration of cyproconazole, to effectively control stem rust with comparable efficacy to the fungicide alone”
t0“Wheat”
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