Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a disease that results in yield loss and mycotoxin contamination in wheat globally. This study assessed the effect of a plant biostimulant prepared from a brown macroalga Ascophyllum nodosum (Liquid Seaweed Extract; LSE) alone and in combination with chitosan in controlling Fusarium. Wheat seedlings drenched with LSE and chitosan in combination showed reduced severity of F. graminearum infection on leaves as evidenced by a significant reduction in necrotic area and fewer number of conidia produced in the necrotic area. Gene expression studies showed that the combination of LSE and chitosan amplified the response of pathogenesis-related genes (TaPR1.1, TaPR2, TaPR3, TaGlu2) in wheat seedlings infected with Fusarium spores above that observed for the individual treatments. The combination treatments were more effective in enhancing the activity of various defense related enzymes such as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. FHB studies on adult plants showed a reduction of bleached spikes in wheat heads treated with the combination of LSE and chitosan. Mycotoxin content appeared to be correlated with FHB severity. Combination treatments of LSE and chitosan reduced the levels of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and sambucinol in wheat grains. Systemic disease resistance appears to be induced by LSE and chitosan in response to F. graminearum in wheat by inducing defense genes and enzymes.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Combined LSE and chitosan reduced necrotic leaf area after F. graminearum infection.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- LSE and chitosan in combinatione0
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- necrotic areae0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings drenched with LSE and chitosan in combination showed reduced severity of F. graminearum infection on leaves as evidenced by a significant reduction in necrotic area and fewer number of conidia produced in the necrotic area.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined LSE and chitosan reduced the number of F. graminearum conidia in necrotic leaf area.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- LSE and chitosan in combinatione0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of conidia produced in the necrotic areae0
- Direction
- fewere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings drenched with LSE and chitosan in combination showed reduced severity of F. graminearum infection on leaves as evidenced by a significant reduction in necrotic area and fewer number of conidia produced in the necrotic area.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination amplified responses of four pathogenesis-related genes in infected wheat seedlings relative to individual treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combination of LSE and chitosane0
- Gene
- TaPR1.1, TaPR2, TaPR3, TaGlu2e0
- Outcome
- response of pathogenesis-related genese0
- Direction
- amplifiede0
- Comparator
- individual treatmentse0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gene expression studies showed that the combination of LSE and chitosan amplified the response of pathogenesis-related genes (TaPR1.1, TaPR2, TaPR3, TaGlu2) in wheat seedlings infected with Fusarium spores above that observed for the individual treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combination treatment enhanced peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity more than individual treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combination treatmentse0
- Gene
- peroxidase and polyphenol oxidasee0
- Outcome
- activity of various defense related enzymes such as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidasee0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination treatments were more effective in enhancing the activity of various defense related enzymes such as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination reduced bleached spikes in adult wheat heads.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- wheat headse0
- Treatment
- combination of LSE and chitosane0
- Outcome
- bleached spikese0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FHB studies on adult plants showed a reduction of bleached spikes in wheat heads treated with the combination of LSE and chitosan.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycotoxin content appeared correlated with Fusarium head blight severity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Mycotoxin contente0
- Qualifier
- appeared to be correlated with FHB severitye0
- Comparator
- FHB severitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycotoxin content appeared to be correlated with FHB severity.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined LSE and chitosan reduced deoxynivalenol in wheat grains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- LSE and chitosane0
- Outcome
- deoxynivalenole0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination treatments of LSE and chitosan reduced the levels of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and sambucinol in wheat grains.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined LSE and chitosan reduced sambucinol in wheat grains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- LSE and chitosane0
- Outcome
- sambucinole0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination treatments of LSE and chitosan reduced the levels of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and sambucinol in wheat grains.”
Claim · model-written summary
LSE and chitosan appear to induce systemic resistance against F. graminearum via defense genes and enzymes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- LSE and chitosane0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Systemic disease resistancee0
- Qualifier
- by inducing defense genes and enzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Systemic disease resistance appears to be induced by LSE and chitosan in response to F. graminearum in wheat by inducing defense genes and enzymes.”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.