Abstract
The impact of exogenously applied glycine betaine (GB; 0, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mmol) was evaluated in preventing Vigna radiata from the adverse effects of salt (100 mmol NaCl) stress. Salinity reduced growth parameters, such as plant height and fresh and dry weight of plants, while GB application significantly alleviated the decline. Salinity stress led to a decline in total chlorophylls and carotenoids, as well as a reduction in the net photosynthetic rate and gas exchange attributes, including stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2. However, GB supplementation significantly alleviated this decline. Salinity stress increased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and methylglyoxal, while as applied GB reduced their accumulation, causing a significant decline in the lipid peroxidation. Application of GB, at all concentrations, increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes under normal and salinity stress treatments with 10 and 20 mmol concentrations, imparting the highest increase. Increase in the radical scavenging activity due to GB application was also supported by increased total antioxidant activity assays measured as percent DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging. In addition, GB-supplemented plants exhibited an apparent increase in the activities of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II enzymes. Accumulation of osmotic compounds like proline, sugars and GB increased significantly due to GB application and showed a further increase in salt-stressed plants. More importantly, the GB-treated plants exhibited a considerable decline in sodium accumulation, causing a decline Na/K in them. Glycine betaine was effective in mitigating the deleterious effects of salinity.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced height and fresh and dry weight.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- plant height and fresh and dry weight of plantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Vigna radiata”
e0“Salinity reduced growth parameters, such as plant height and fresh and dry weight of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine significantly alleviated the decline in growth parameters.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- GB applicatione0
- Outcome
- declinee0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vigna radiata”
e0“GB application significantly alleviated the decline”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased chlorophylls and carotenoids.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylls and carotenoidse0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vigna radiata”
e0“Salinity stress led to a decline in total chlorophylls and carotenoids”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased net photosynthesis and gas exchange attributes.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate and gas exchange attributese0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vigna radiata”
e0“a reduction in the net photosynthetic rate and gas exchange attributes, including stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2”
e1“Salinity stress led to a decline in total chlorophylls and carotenoids”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine significantly alleviated the photosynthetic decline.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- GB supplementatione0
- Outcome
- declinee0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vigna radiata”
e0“GB supplementation significantly alleviated this decline”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and methylglyoxal accumulation.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and methylglyoxale0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vigna radiata”
e0“Salinity stress increased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and methylglyoxal”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine reduced hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and methylglyoxal accumulation.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- GBe0
- Outcome
- accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vigna radiata”
e0“GB reduced their accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine significantly decreased lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- GBe1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vigna radiata”
e0“causing a significant decline in the lipid peroxidation”
e1“as applied GB reduced their accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine increased antioxidant enzyme activity in normal and saline conditions, most at 10 and 20 mmol.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Application of GB, at all concentrationse0
- Outcome
- activity of the antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 10 and 20 mmol concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vigna radiata”
e0“Application of GB, at all concentrations, increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes under normal and salinity stress treatments with 10 and 20 mmol concentrations, imparting the highest increase”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine increased DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- GB applicatione0
- Outcome
- percent DPPH and ABTS radical scavenginge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vigna radiata”
e0“Increase in the radical scavenging activity due to GB application was also supported by increased total antioxidant activity assays measured as percent DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine increased glyoxalase I and II activities.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- GB-supplementede0
- Outcome
- activities of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II enzymese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vigna radiata”
e0“GB-supplemented plants exhibited an apparent increase in the activities of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine significantly increased proline, sugars and glycine betaine accumulation, further under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- GB applicatione0
- Outcome
- Accumulation of osmotic compounds like proline, sugars and GBe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- salt-stressed plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vigna radiata”
e0“Accumulation of osmotic compounds like proline, sugars and GB increased significantly due to GB application and showed a further increase in salt-stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine decreased sodium accumulation.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- GB-treatede0
- Outcome
- sodium accumulatione0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vigna radiata”
e0“GB-treated plants exhibited a considerable decline in sodium accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine decreased Na/K.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- GB-treatede1
- Outcome
- Na/Ke0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vigna radiata”
e0“causing a decline Na/K in them”
e1“GB-treated plants exhibited a considerable decline in sodium accumulation”
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.