Abstract
Grain legumes are important crops, but they are salt sensitive. This research dissected the responses of four (sub)tropical grain legumes to ionic components (Na+ and/or Cl−) of salt stress. Soybean, mungbean, cowpea, and common bean were subjected to NaCl, Na+ salts (without Cl−), Cl− salts (without Na+), and a “high cation” negative control for 57 days. Growth, leaf gas exchange, and tissue ion concentrations were assessed at different growing stages. For soybean, NaCl and Na+ salts impaired seed dry mass (30% of control), more so than Cl− salts (60% of control). All treatments impaired mungbean growth, with NaCl and Cl− salt treatments affecting seed dry mass the most (2% of control). For cowpea, NaCl had the greatest adverse impact on seed dry mass (20% of control), while Na+ salts and Cl− salts had similar intermediate effects (~45% of control). For common bean, NaCl had the greatest adverse effect on seed dry mass (4% of control), while Na+ salts and Cl− salts impaired seed dry mass to a lesser extent (~45% of control). NaCl and Na+ salts (without Cl−) affected the photosynthesis (Pn) of soybean more than Cl− salts (without Na+) (50% of control), while the reverse was true for mungbean. Na+ salts (without Cl−), Cl− salts (without Na+), and NaCl had similar adverse effects on Pn of cowpea and common bean (~70% of control). In conclusion, salt sensitivity is predominantly determined by Na+ toxicity in soybean, Cl− toxicity in mungbean, and both Na+ and Cl− toxicity in cowpea and common bean.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl and Na+ salts impaired soybean seed dry mass to 30% of control.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- NaCl and Na+ saltse1
- Outcome
- seed dry masse1
- Direction
- impairede1
- Value
- 30% of controle1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For soybean, NaCl and Na+ salts impaired seed dry mass (30% of control), more so than Cl− salts (60% of control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cl− salts impaired soybean seed dry mass to 60% of control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Cl− saltse1
- Outcome
- seed dry masse1
- Direction
- impairede1
- Value
- 60% of controle1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For soybean, NaCl and Na+ salts impaired seed dry mass (30% of control), more so than Cl− salts (60% of control)”
Claim · model-written summary
All salt treatments impaired mungbean growth.
- Taxon
- mungbean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae2 - Treatment
- All treatmentse2
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- impairede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“All treatments impaired mungbean growth, with NaCl and Cl− salt treatments affecting seed dry mass the most (2% of control)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl and Cl− salt treatments reduced mungbean seed dry mass to 2% of control.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae2
- Treatment
- NaCl and Cl− salt treatmentse2
- Outcome
- seed dry masse2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 2% of controle2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“All treatments impaired mungbean growth, with NaCl and Cl− salt treatments affecting seed dry mass the most (2% of control)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl had the greatest adverse effect on cowpea seed dry mass, at 20% of control.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae3 - Treatment
- NaCle3
- Outcome
- seed dry masse3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 20% of controle3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“For cowpea, NaCl had the greatest adverse impact on seed dry mass (20% of control), while Na+ salts and Cl− salts had similar intermediate effects (~45% of control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Na+ salts and Cl− salts had similar intermediate effects on cowpea seed dry mass, at about 45% of control.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae3
- Treatment
- Na+ salts and Cl− saltse3
- Outcome
- seed dry masse3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- ~45% of controle3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“For cowpea, NaCl had the greatest adverse impact on seed dry mass (20% of control), while Na+ salts and Cl− salts had similar intermediate effects (~45% of control)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl had the greatest adverse effect on common bean seed dry mass, at 4% of control.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarise4 - Treatment
- NaCle4
- Outcome
- seed dry masse4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede4
- Value
- 4% of controle4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“For common bean, NaCl had the greatest adverse effect on seed dry mass (4% of control), while Na+ salts and Cl− salts impaired seed dry mass to a lesser extent (~45% of control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Na+ salts and Cl− salts impaired common bean seed dry mass to a lesser extent, at about 45% of control.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise4
- Treatment
- Na+ salts and Cl− saltse4
- Outcome
- seed dry masse4
- Direction
- impairede4
- Value
- ~45% of controle4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“For common bean, NaCl had the greatest adverse effect on seed dry mass (4% of control), while Na+ salts and Cl− salts impaired seed dry mass to a lesser extent (~45% of control)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl and Na+ salts affected soybean photosynthesis (Pn) more than Cl− salts, which reduced Pn to 50% of control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- NaCl and Na+ saltse5
- Outcome
- photosynthesis (Pn)e5
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede5
- Value
- 50% of controle5
- Comparator
- Cl− saltse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“NaCl and Na+ salts (without Cl−) affected the photosynthesis (Pn) of soybean more than Cl− salts (without Na+) (50% of control), while the reverse was true for mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cl− salts affected mungbean photosynthesis (Pn) more than NaCl and Na+ salts.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae5
- Treatment
- Cl− saltse5
- Outcome
- photosynthesis (Pn)e5
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede5
- Comparator
- NaCl and Na+ saltse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“NaCl and Na+ salts (without Cl−) affected the photosynthesis (Pn) of soybean more than Cl− salts (without Na+) (50% of control), while the reverse was true for mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Na+ salts, Cl− salts and NaCl had similar adverse effects on Pn of cowpea and common bean, at about 70% of control.
- Taxon
- cowpea and common beanPhaseolus vulgarisVigna unguiculatae6
- Treatment
- Na+ salts (without Cl−), Cl− salts (without Na+), and NaCle6
- Outcome
- Pne6
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede6
- Value
- ~70% of controle6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Na+ salts (without Cl−), Cl− salts (without Na+), and NaCl had similar adverse effects on Pn of cowpea and common bean (~70% of control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt sensitivity of soybean is predominantly determined by Na+ toxicity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe7
- Compound
- Na+e7
- Outcome
- salt sensitivitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“In conclusion, salt sensitivity is predominantly determined by Na+ toxicity in soybean, Cl− toxicity in mungbean, and both Na+ and Cl− toxicity in cowpea and common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt sensitivity of mungbean is predominantly determined by Cl− toxicity.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae7
- Compound
- Cl−e7
- Outcome
- salt sensitivitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“In conclusion, salt sensitivity is predominantly determined by Na+ toxicity in soybean, Cl− toxicity in mungbean, and both Na+ and Cl− toxicity in cowpea and common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt sensitivity of cowpea and common bean is determined by both Na+ and Cl− toxicity.
- Taxon
- cowpea and common beanPhaseolus vulgarisVigna unguiculatae7
- Compound
- Na+ and Cl−e7
- Outcome
- salt sensitivitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“In conclusion, salt sensitivity is predominantly determined by Na+ toxicity in soybean, Cl− toxicity in mungbean, and both Na+ and Cl− toxicity in cowpea and common bean”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →sodium chloride · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results differ
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →sodium chloride · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →sodium chloride · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
54 papers more in this group
See all 58 papers →sodium chloride · physiology: photosynthesis · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →sodium chloride · physiology: photosynthesis · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →sodium chloride · physiology: photosynthesis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.