Abstract
Abstract Seeds of Paceño and Cuarenteño cultivars of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) were tested for salt and drought tolerance at germination, seedling emergence and early seedling growth in NaCl and PEG‐8000 solutions of different osmotic potentials (0, −0.2, −0.4, −0.6, and −0.8 MPa). Daily and final germination and emergence percentage, as well as germination and seedling emergence rate, and seedling growth were recorded under controlled conditions. Results showed that germination and emergence rate were delayed by both solutions in both cultivars, with differences between cultivars among growth stages, given that cultivar Cuarenteño, showed a higher germination rate than Paceño in NaCl, but Paceño was less affected by NaCl and PEG solutions at the emergence stage. Sodium chloride had a lesser effect on both cultivars in terms of germination rate, emergence rate and the final germination and emergence percentage than did PEG‐8000. This conclusively proves that the adverse effect of PEG‐8000 on germination, emergence and early seedling growth was due to the osmotic effect rather than the specific ion. Seedling growth was reduced by both stresses, but NaCl usually caused less damage than PEG to cowpea seedlings, suggesting that NaCl and PEG acted through different mechanisms.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Germination and emergence rate were delayed by both NaCl and PEG-8000 solutions in both cowpea cultivars.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae2 - Material
- Paceño and Cuarenteñoe2
- Treatment
- NaCl and PEG‐8000 solutionse3
- Outcome
- germination and emergence ratee1
- Direction
- delayede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results showed that germination and emergence rate were delayed by both solutions in both cultivars”
e2“Seeds of Paceño and Cuarenteño cultivars of cowpea”
e3“in NaCl and PEG‐8000 solutions of different osmotic potentials”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar Cuarenteño had a higher germination rate than Paceño in NaCl.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Material
- Cuarenteñoe1
- Treatment
- NaCle1
- Outcome
- germination ratee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- Paceñoe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“cultivar Cuarenteño, showed a higher germination rate than Paceño in NaCl”
e2“Seeds of Paceño and Cuarenteño cultivars of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar Paceño was less affected by NaCl and PEG solutions at the emergence stage.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Material
- Paceñoe1
- Organ / stage
- emergence stagee1
- Treatment
- NaCl and PEG solutionse1
- Outcome
- emergencee1
- Direction
- less affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“but Paceño was less affected by NaCl and PEG solutions at the emergence stage”
e2“Seeds of Paceño and Cuarenteño cultivars of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl had a lesser effect than PEG-8000 on germination rate, emergence rate and final germination and emergence percentage in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- Sodium chloridee1
- Outcome
- germination rate, emergence rate and the final germination and emergence percentagee1
- Direction
- lesser effecte1
- Comparator
- PEG‐8000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sodium chloride had a lesser effect on both cultivars in terms of germination rate, emergence rate and the final germination and emergence percentage than did PEG‐8000”
e2“Seeds of Paceño and Cuarenteño cultivars of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The adverse effect of PEG-8000 on germination, emergence and early seedling growth is attributed to its osmotic effect rather than to a specific ion.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- PEG‐8000e1
- Outcome
- germination, emergence and early seedling growthe1
- Qualifier
- osmotic effect rather than the specific ione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This conclusively proves that the adverse effect of PEG‐8000 on germination, emergence and early seedling growth was due to the osmotic effect rather than the specific ion”
e2“Seeds of Paceño and Cuarenteño cultivars of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling growth was reduced by both NaCl and PEG stresses in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- both stressese1
- Outcome
- Seedling growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seedling growth was reduced by both stresses”
e2“NaCl usually caused less damage than PEG to cowpea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl usually caused less seedling damage than PEG in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- NaCle1
- Outcome
- damagee1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Qualifier
- usuallye1
- Comparator
- PEGe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“but NaCl usually caused less damage than PEG to cowpea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl and PEG are suggested to act through different mechanisms on cowpea seedlings.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- NaCl and PEGe1
- Outcome
- acted through different mechanismse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“suggesting that NaCl and PEG acted through different mechanisms”
e2“NaCl usually caused less damage than PEG to cowpea seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
drought · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
48 papers more in this group
See all 52 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.